Muller ex rel. Muller v. Jefferson Lighthouse School’s Empirical Analysis
98 F.3d 1530 · 1996
Citation profile
38 federal appellate · 4 district · 1 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 81 later decisions — most recently June 2024 · most notably Morgan v. Swanson (2011), Doe 1-7 v. Heck (2003)
38 federal appellate · 4 district · 1 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District · Village of Euclid Ohio v. Ambler Realty Co · Perry Education Ass'n v. Perry Local Educators' Ass'n · West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette · Fw/pbs Inc II v. City of Dallas Mjr Inc
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 81 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[An adult] Christian can tell the Jew he is going to hell, or the [adult] Jew can tell the Christian he is not one of God's chosen,”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the dissent“The `marketplace of ideas,' an important theme in the high school student expression cases, is a less appropriate description of an elementary school, where children are just beginning to acquire the means of expression.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the dissent“A school need not tolerate student speech that is inconsistent with its 'basic educational mission' . . . even though the government could not censor similar speech outside the school.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the dissent
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.