State v. Ingram’s Empirical Analysis
1985
Citation profile
2 federal appellate · 2 district · 81 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 85 later decisions — most recently February 2018 · most notably State v. Bey (1988), State v. Hunt (1989)
2 federal appellate · 2 district · 81 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Sandstrom v. Montana · County Court of Ulster Cty. v. Allen · Williams v. Florida · Tot v. United States · Garber v. United States
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 85 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“rational connection in terms of logical probability between the proved fact and the presumed fact ... [and if] the presumption [is] not ... accorded mandatory effect.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[a]ny person who knowingly has in his possession any firearm which has been defaced, except an antique firearm or an antique handgun, is guilty of a crime of the fourth degree.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“c. A defense is affirmative, ... when: (1) It arises under a section of the code which so provides; or (2) It relates to an offense defined by a statute other than the code and such statute so provides; or d. When the application of the code depends upon the finding of a fact which is not an element of an offense, unless the code otherwise provides: (1) The burden of proving the fact is on the prosecution or defendant, depending on whose interest or contention will be furthered if the finding should be made; and (2) The fact must be proved to the satisfaction of the court or jury, as the case may be. [ N.J.S.A. 2C:1-13c, d].”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.