Turner v. White’s Empirical Analysis
980 F.2d 1180 · 1992
Citation profile
8 federal appellate · 2 district ·
Relationships
Applies 28 U.S.C. § 636 · 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act))
Relies on Graham v. Connor · United States v. Young · City of Los Angeles v. Heller · Sisson v. Ruby · Agency Holding Corp. v. Malley-Duff & Associates, Inc.
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 12 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“even though [an] instruction ... misstate[s] the legal standard, [the] error does not reach the level required for reversal under the rigorous plain error standard of review [where the] error was invited by the parties, and it did not seriously affect the fairness of the trial, its integrity, or its public reputation ... [and did not] contribute[ ] to a miscarriage of justice.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Baker v. Delo“tends to make more probable that the plaintiff acted as the defendant contended he did or that plaintiff otherwise conducted himself in such a manner as to place the defendant reasonably in fear of his life.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Palmquist v. Selvick
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.