Salas v. Carpenter’s Empirical Analysis
980 F.2d 299 · 1992
Citation profile
114 federal appellate · 10 district · 10 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 297 later decisions — most recently August 2024 · most notably Doe v. Taylor Independent School District (1994), Kinney v. Weaver (2004)
114 federal appellate · 10 district · 10 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Celotex Corporation v. Catrett H · Harlow v. Fitzgerald · Anderson v. Creighton · Mitchell v. Forsyth · City of Canton v. Harris
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 297 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“In this circuit, the qualified immunity defense involves a shifting burden of proof.”
14 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“the trial judge ought to insist that a proffered expert bring to the jury more than the lawyers can offer in argument.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[a]n important policy behind qualified immunity is to prevent litigation which ‘will unduly inhibit officials in the discharge of their duties.’ Creighton, 483 U.S. at 638 , 107 S.Ct. at 3038 . Second-guessing the decision of law enforcement officers regarding the choice of police personnel in a crisis would undermine that policy. Lawsuits alleging that police should have acted one way or another in response to a hostage situation ‘pose[ ] a no-win situation for the police and do[] nothing to encourage law enforcement or a respect for constitutional rights.’ Taylor v. Watters, 655 F.Supp. 801, 807 (E.D.Mich.1987).”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.