Hamilton v. Endell’s Empirical Analysis
981 F.2d 1062 · 1992
Citation profile
49 federal appellate · 8 district ·
How this case has been cited
Cited by 117 later decisions — most recently March 2025 · most notably Hill v. Dekalb Regional Youth Detention Center (1994), Hallett v. Morgan (2002)
49 federal appellate · 8 district ·
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Harlow v. Fitzgerald · Estelle v. Gamble · Mitchell v. Forsyth · Whitley v. Albers · Finch v. Connor
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 117 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“A finding of deliberate indifference necessarily precludes a finding of qualified immunity.”
10 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“'Prison officials are deliberately indifferent to a prisoner's serious medical needs when they deny, delay, or intentionally interfere with medical treatment,'”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“By choosing to rely upon a medical opinion which a reasonable person would likely determine to be inferior, the prison officials took actions which may have amounted to the denial of medical treatment, and the unnecessary and wanton infliction of pain.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.