Valencia v. Wiggins’s Empirical Analysis
981 F.2d 1440 · 1993
Citation profile
52 federal appellate · 2 district · 3 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 114 later decisions — most recently July 2022 · most notably City of Lancaster v. Chambers (1994), Phelps v. Coy (2002)
52 federal appellate · 2 district · 3 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Harlow v. Fitzgerald · Anderson v. Creighton · Graham v. Connor · Bell v. Wolfish · Malley v. Briggs
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 114 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“whether force was applied in a good faith effort to maintain or restore discipline, or maliciously and sadistically for the very purpose of causing harm.”
6 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[I]t is impractical to draw a line between convicted prisoners and pretrial detainees for the purpose of maintaining jail security.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“arise whenever guards use force to keep order.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.