Card v. Singletary’s Empirical Analysis
981 F.2d 481 · 1992
Citation profile
10 federal appellate · 4 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 27 later decisions (1 by the Supreme Court) — most recently July 2023 · most notably Francis S. v. Stone (2000), Medina v. Singletary (1995)
10 federal appellate · 4 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Townsend v. Sain · Bonner v. City of Prichard · Carnegie v. United States · Dusky v. United States · Pate v. Robinson
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 27 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[A] defendant [must] present 'clear and convincing evidence to create a real, substantial and legitimate doubt as to [his] mental capacity ... to meaningfully participate and cooperate with counsel....'”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“[N]ot every manifestation of mental illness demonstrates incompetence to stand trial; rather, the evidence must indicate a present inability to assist counsel or understand the charges.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the dissente.g. Medina v. Singletary“the standard of proof is high [and] the facts must positively, unequivocally, and clearly generate the legitimate doubt.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Medina v. Singletary
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.