Ardinger v. Hummell’s Empirical Analysis

Citation profile

16 state decisions

Most-quoted passages

The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 16 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.

1. “On the afternoon of December 4 several teenagers, including Joshua Van Bavel, age fifteen, and Normandy Hummell, age fourteen, agreed to meet later that night, after their parents were asleep, to drive around together. At approximately 1:30 or 2:00 a.m., Normandy took her mother’s car keys without her mother’s knowledge or permission, pushed the car down the driveway with a friend, Christina Kilborn, and drove to Joshua’s house. The roads were icy, and Normandy had trouble handling the car. The girls found then-friends, David Lakings and Joshua, at Joshua’s mother’s house and asked whether the boys wanted to go out as planned. According to the testimony of Christina and David, Normandy was scared of driving and at first asked Joshua to drive her home so that she and Joshua could wait for David to pick them up in David’s mother’s vehicle. But on the way to the car, Normandy insisted that she wanted to drive. She and Joshua argued about who should drive. The keys were already in the ignition, and Joshua got into the driver’s seat, which he refused to relinquish. While Joshua and Normandy continued to argue, Joshua drove the four teenagers to David’s house where David and Christina stayed. Coast Guard security officers spotted Joshua and Normandy as they continued on to Normandy’s house. The officers observed the car lurching at a stop sign, as if the driver were having trouble with the clutch, and they decided to perform a welfare check to “make sure everything [was] okay.” The”

   1 later decision quote this exact passage
   e.g. Crosby v. Hummell

2. “Summary judgment shall be rendered "if the pleadings, depositions, answers to interrogatories, and admissions on file, together with the affidavits, show that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that any party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” A genuine issue of fact "exists where reasonable jurors could disagree on the resolution of a factual issue.” The court must view all facts in the light most favorable to the non-moving party. The party opposing summary judgment must set forth specific facts demonstrating that a material issue of fact exists.”

   1 later decision quote this exact passage
   e.g. Crosby v. Hummell

3. “In this case it is undisputed that Normandy had physical possession and control of the car when she allegedly allowed Joshua to drive. She took the keys from her mother; she drove the car to Joshua’s house, where, assuming entrustment, she transferred physical control of the vehicle to Joshua. From the moment she assumed control of the car, any decisions she made as to the exercise and relinquishment of that control should be evaluated under an adult standard.”

   1 later decision quote this exact passage
   e.g. Crosby v. Hummell