United States v. Baker’s Empirical Analysis
985 F.2d 1248 · 1993
Citation profile
54 federal appellate · 1 district · 2 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 112 later decisions (1 by the Supreme Court) — most recently May 2023 · most notably United States v. Burgos (1996), United States v. Wilson (1997)
54 federal appellate · 1 district · 2 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 1956 (§ 1352 of the Money Laundering Control Act of 1986) · 18 U.S.C. § 2 · 21 U.S.C. § 841 (§ 401 of the Controlled Substances Act) · 21 U.S.C. § 846 (§ 406 of the Controlled Substances Act)
Relies on Bates v. State Bar · Keeble v. United States · National Farmers Union Insurance v. Crow Tribe of Indians · ITT Gilfillan v. Clayton · Copperweld Corp. v. Independence Tube Corp.
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 112 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“the proof on the element that differentiates the two offenses must be sufficiently in dispute to allow a jury consistently to find the defendant innocent of the greater and guilty of the lesser offense.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage“bought one to three ounces of cocaine a week, which is a large amount but which could be consistent with personal consumption”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“pretrial notice was wholly impracticable,”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.