Forward v. Thorogood’s Empirical Analysis
985 F.2d 604 · 1993
Citation profile
3 federal appellate · 7 district ·
How this case has been cited
Cited by 17 later decisions — most recently June 2023
3 federal appellate · 7 district ·
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 17 U.S.C. § 101 (§ 101 of the Copyright Act of 1976) · 17 U.S.C. § 201 (§ 101 of the Copyright Act of 1976)
Relies on Anderson v. City of Bessemer City · Community for Creative Non-Violence v. Reid · Coastal Steel Corp. v. Wheelabrator-Frye, Inc. · Waller v. Georgia · Brattleboro Publishing Co. v. Winmill Publishing Corp.
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 17 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“'author' and copyright holder of ... [a] commissioned work[ ] created by independent contractors”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“although Forward booked and paid for the studio time, he neither employed nor commissioned the band members nor did he compensate or agree to compensate them.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“'the traditional employer-employee relationship,' that is, to 'a work created by an employee acting within the scope of employment.'”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.