Phelps v. Yale Security, Inc.’s Empirical Analysis
986 F.2d 1020 · 1993
Citation profile
80 federal appellate · 11 district · 10 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 208 later decisions (1 by the Supreme Court) — most recently January 2025 · most notably Ercegovich v. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co. (1998), Cone v. Longmont United Hospital Ass'n (1994)
80 federal appellate · 11 district · 10 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 29 U.S.C. § 621 (§ 2 of the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967) · 29 U.S.C. § 623 (§ 4 of the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967) · 29 U.S.C. § 626 (§ 7 of the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967) · 29 U.S.C. § 631 (§ 12 of the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967)
Relies on American Manufacturers Mutual Insurance v. United States · Mayers v. United States · Agency Holding Corp. v. Malley-Duff & Associates, Inc. · Barnes v. Inc a Millis S a S · McDonald v. Union Camp Corp.
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 208 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“direct, circumstantial, or statistical evidence tending to indicate that the employer singled out the plaintiff for discharge for impermissible reasons.”
7 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“too abstract, in addition to being irrelevant and prejudicial, to support a finding of age discrimination.”
7 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“that age was a determining factor in the adverse action that the employer took against ... her.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.