United States v. Clark’s Empirical Analysis
986 F.2d 65 · 1993
Citation profile
33 federal appellate · 1 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 51 later decisions — most recently June 2025 · most notably United States v. Heater (1995), United States v. Capers (1995)
33 federal appellate · 1 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 16 U.S.C. § 1532 (§ 3 of the Endangered Species Act of 1973) · 16 U.S.C. § 1538 (§ 9 of the Endangered Species Act of 1973) · 18 U.S.C. § 3402
Relies on Glasser v. United States · Cox v. State of Louisiana · United States v. McMillan · United States v. Collazo · United States v. Vinson
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 51 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“is available when a government official tells the defendant that certain activity is legal, the defendant commits the activity in reasonable reliance on that advice, and prosecution for the conduct would be unfair.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage“statements made by a person who is not a federal government official cannot establish the defense of entrapment by estoppel.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage“[i]n McMillan, the court did not require strict compliance with the guidelines, and it admitted a tape because its substance and the circumstances under which it was obtained were sufficient proof of its reliability.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.