Chapman v. Nichols’s Empirical Analysis
989 F.2d 393 · 1993
Citation profile
35 federal appellate · 12 district · 4 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 94 later decisions (2 by the Supreme Court) — most recently February 2025 · most notably Seamons v. Snow (1996), Florence v. Board of Chosen Freeholders of County of Burlington (2012)
35 federal appellate · 12 district · 4 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Harlow v. Fitzgerald · Anderson v. Creighton · Bell v. Wolfish · Hunter v. Bryant · Mullins Coal Co. v. Director
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 94 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[t]here can be no doubt that a strip search is an invasion of personal rights of the first magnitude.”
7 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“The test of reasonableness under the Fourth Amendment is not capable of precise definition or mechanical application. In each case it requires a balancing of the need for the particular search against the invasion of personal rights that the search entails. Courts must consider the scope of the particular intrusion, the manner in which it is conducted, the justification for initiating it, and the place in which it is conducted.”
6 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“demeaning, dehumanizing, undignified, humiliating, terrifying, unpleasant, embarrassing, repulsive, signifying degradation and submission.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.