Duggan v. Hobbs’s Empirical Analysis
99 F.3d 307 · 1996
Citation profile
27 federal appellate · 3 district · 1 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 57 later decisions — most recently February 2025 · most notably Spacek v. Maritime Ass'n (1998), Goldstein v. Johnson & Johnson (2001)
27 federal appellate · 3 district · 1 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 28 U.S.C. § 1291 · 29 U.S.C. § 1001 (§ 2 of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974) · 29 U.S.C. § 1101 (§ 401 of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974) · 29 U.S.C. § 1132 (§ 502 of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974)
Relies on Brandon v. Holt · Nationwide Mutual Insurance v. Darden · Bankers Life & Casualty Co. v. Crenshaw · Brown v. Schweitzer · Bolker v. Commissioner
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 57 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[I]n providing relief for "top hat” plans from the broad remedial provisions of ERISA, Congress recognized that certain individuals, by virtue of their positions or compensation level, have the ability to affect or substantially influence, through negotiation or otherwise, the design and operation of their deferred compensation plan, taking into consideration any risks attendant thereto, and therefore, would not need the substantive rights and protection of Title I [of ERISA],”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“from the fiduciary, funding, participation and vesting requirements applicable to other employee benefit plans.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“a select group of management or highly compensated employees,”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.