Walters v. Grossheim’s Empirical Analysis
990 F.2d 381 · 1993
Citation profile
12 federal appellate · 3 district ·
How this case has been cited
Cited by 27 later decisions — most recently August 2018 · most notably Kulak v. City of New York (1996), Coleman v. Rahija (1997)
12 federal appellate · 3 district ·
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act))
Relies on Harlow v. Fitzgerald · Board of Regents of State Colleges v. Roth · Anderson v. Creighton · Cleveland Board of Education v. Loudermill · Hewitt v. Helms
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 27 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“`when the defendant's conduct is shown to be motivated by evil motive or intent, or when it involves reckless or callous indifference to the federally protected rights of others.'”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Washington v. Denney · Charles Naucke Theresa Naucke John Duval v. City of Park Hills James Link, Personally and in His Official Capacity as City Administrator for the City of Park Hills, Wheaton Usa, Inc., a New Jersey Corporation, Charles Naucke John Duvall v. City of Park Hills, James Link, Personally and in His Official Capacity as City Administrator for the City of Park Hills, Wheaton Usa, Inc., a New Jersey Corporation
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.