Hicks v. Frey’s Empirical Analysis
992 F.2d 1450 · 1993
Citation profile
23 federal appellate ·
How this case has been cited
Cited by 60 later decisions — most recently August 2014 · most notably Doe v. Claiborne County Tennessee Claiborne County Board of Education, Street v. Corrections Corp. of America (1996)
23 federal appellate ·
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Estelle v. Gamble · West v. Atkins · Rizzo v. Goode · California State Board of Equalization v. Western Marina Corp. · Dayton Board of Education v. Brinkman
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 60 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[A] failure of a supervisory official to supervise, control, or train the offending individual [employees] is not actionable absent a showing that the official either encouraged or in some way directly participated in it. At a minimum a plaintiff must show that the official at least implicitly authorized, approved or know ingly acquiesced in the unconstitutional conduct of the offending [employees].”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage“It is clear that a private entity which contracts with the state to perform a traditional state function such as providing medical services to prison inmates may be sued under § 1983 as one acting 'under color of state law.' "). B. 15 "A prison official's 'deliberate indifference' to a substantial risk of serious harm to an inmate violates the Eighth Amendment.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage“unnecessary and wanton infliction of pain,”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.