Shands v. City of Kennett’s Empirical Analysis
993 F.2d 1337 · 1993
Citation profile
68 federal appellate · 13 district · 7 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 139 later decisions (1 by the Supreme Court) — most recently September 2024 · most notably Kinney v. Weaver (2004), Lynn Gorman-Bakos v. Cornell Cooperative
68 federal appellate · 13 district · 7 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Board of Regents of State Colleges v. Roth · Mt. Healthy City School District Board of Education v. Doyle · Pickering v. Board of Education of Township High School District 205 Will County Illinois · Connick v. Myers · Paul v. Davis
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 139 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“fairly characterized as constituting speech on a matter of public concern.”
11 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“(1) the need for harmony in the office or work place; (2) whether the government’s responsibilities require a close working relationship to exist between the plaintiff and co-workers when the speech in question has caused or could cause the relationship to deteriorate; (3) the time, manner, and place of the speech; (4) the context in which the dispute arose; (5) the degree of public interest in the speech; and (6) whether the speech impeded the employee’s ability to perform his or her duties.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrence“to promote efficiency, foster loyalty and obedience to superior officers, maintain morale, and instill public confidence.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrence
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.