United States v. Prandy-Binett’s Empirical Analysis
995 F.2d 1069 · 1993
Citation profile
30 federal appellate · 3 district · 20 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 63 later decisions (1 by the Supreme Court) — most recently July 2023 · most notably United States v. Buchanan (1995), United States v. Gordon (1999)
30 federal appellate · 3 district · 20 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 21 U.S.C. § 841 (§ 401 of the Controlled Substances Act)
Relies on Terry v. Ohio · Illinois v. Gates · Carroll v. United States · Brinegar v. United States · United States v. Cortez
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 63 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“It is simply not the law that officers must be aware of the specific crime an individual is likely committing. ... It is enough that they have probable cause to believe the defendant has committed one or the other of several offenses, even though they cannot be sure which one. The police may arrest an armed individual running from a store in the dead of night while the burglar alarm is sounding, even though they cannot be certain whether the suspected crime is attempted burglary, burglary, attempted robbery, robbery or unlawful possession of a firearm.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. McGovern v. Brown“whether the officer's inference from the facts was `reasonable'... depends on information showing the officer's accumulated knowledge of criminal activity, information that must be in the record if it is to be considered.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“Somewhere between `less than evidence which would justify ... conviction' and `more than bare suspicion,' probable cause is satisfied.... The precise point is indeterminate.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.