United States v. Towne’s Empirical Analysis
997 F.2d 537 · 1993
Citation profile
31 federal appellate · 2 district · 8 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 54 later decisions — most recently November 2023 · most notably United States v. Kow (1995), United States v. Gantt (1999)
31 federal appellate · 2 district · 8 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 28 U.S.C. § 1738
Relies on United States v. Leon · Tristani v. Eastern Air Lines, Inc. · Alexander v. United States · Illinois v. Krull · McKesson Corp. v. Division of Alcoholic Beverages & Tobacco
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 54 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“Specificity has two aspects: particularity and breadth. Particularity is the requirement that the warrant must clearly state what is sought. Breadth deals with the requirement that the scope of the warrant be limited by the probable cause on which the warrant is based.”
7 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[t]he documents that are in fact relied upon ... simply are “the search warrant” for purposes of constitutional analysis .... When the officer who requests authorization for the search, the magistrate who grants such authorization, and the officers who execute the search expressly rely upon a given set of papers containing a given series of words, they identify that set of papers and that series of words as the proof that proper precautions were taken to prevent an unreasonably invasive search. Fairness and common sense alike demand that we test the sufficiency of the precautions taken — that is, that we conduct the particularity and overbreadth inquiries — by examining that evidence.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“inform the person subject to the search what items the officers . . . can seize.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.