Hines’s Empirical Analysis
Citation profile
4 federal appellate · 2 district ·
How this case has been cited
Cited by 21 later decisions — most recently July 2022
4 federal appellate · 2 district ·
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Thornburg v. Gingles · Shaw v. Reno · Johnson v. Mississippi · Fort Wayne Books, Inc. v. Indiana · Wise v. Lipscomb
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 21 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“prevents a court from using proportional representation as the ultimate standard for assessing the legal adequacy of a remedial legislative redistricting plan.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the concurrence“[The] 'results' test [of section 2 of the VRA] 'supposes the need to consider multiple electoral contests.'”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the concurrence
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.