Rice v. Burks’s Empirical Analysis
999 F.2d 1172 · 1993
Citation profile
16 federal appellate · 3 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 48 later decisions — most recently July 2011 · most notably Zorzi v. County of Putnam (1994), Clash v. Beatty (1996)
16 federal appellate · 3 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act))
Relies on Harlow v. Fitzgerald · Mitchell v. Forsyth · McNamara v. County of San Diego Department of Social Services · Oneida Motor Freight, Inc. v. United Jersey · Davis v. United States
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 48 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“without identifying a closely analogous case if he show[s] that the force used was so plainly excessive that the police officers should have been on notice that they were violating the Fourth Amendment. Indeed, police officers should not be shielded from liability just because their excessive use of force happens to be original.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“The words “clearly established ... constitutional rights” may not be used to read the defense of immunity out of federal tort law by the facile expedient of stating constitutional rights in the most general possible terms.... The right must be sufficiently particularized to put potential defendants on notice that their conduct probably is unlawful.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Cesar v. Achim“not violate clearly established statutory or constitutional rights of which a reasonable person would have known,”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.