Ellis v. Wynalda’s Empirical Analysis
999 F.2d 243 · 1993
Citation profile
24 federal appellate · 1 district ·
How this case has been cited
Cited by 65 later decisions — most recently January 2025 · most notably Dickerson v. Mcclellan (1996), Vanessa Abraham v. Kimber
24 federal appellate · 1 district ·
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Anderson v. Creighton · Graham v. Connor · Tennessee v. Garner · Hunter v. Bryant · McDonald ex rel. McDonald v. Haskins
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 65 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“When an officer faces a situation in which he could justifiably shoot, he does not retain the right to shoot at any time thereafter with impunity.”
7 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“While ordinarily a court grants summary judgment only if no reasonable jury could find for the non-moving party, a court grants summary judgment based on qualified immunity if a reasonable officer could find the defendant’s actions justified. When reasonable minds could differ, in the typical summary judgment decision the balance tips in favor of the nonmovant while in the qualified immunity context, the balance favors the movant.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the dissent“'a reasonable officer could have believed that [his] conduct was constitutional in light of the clearly established law and the information [the officer] possessed at the time the incident occurred.'”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.