United States v. Baker’s Empirical Analysis
999 F.2d 412 · 1993
Citation profile
14 federal appellate · 4 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 33 later decisions — most recently June 2014 · most notably United States v. Molinaro (1993), Burks v. Borg (1994)
14 federal appellate · 4 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 2113
Relies on United States v. Olano · Brecht v. Abrahamson · Doyle v. Ohio · Jenkins v. Anderson · Greer v. Miller
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 33 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“the extent of comments made by the witness, whether an inference of guilt from silence was stressed to the jury, and the extent of other evidence suggesting defendant's guilt.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“Due process requires that defendants be able to exercise their constitutional right to remain silent and not be penalized at trial for doing so.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“broadly condemn[ed] appellants' silence: pre-Miranda and post-Miranda”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.