United States v. Pozsgai’s Empirical Analysis
999 F.2d 719 · 1993
Citation profile
22 federal appellate · 5 district ·
How this case has been cited
Cited by 42 later decisions (1 by the Supreme Court) — most recently March 2021 · most notably Logan v. Denny's, Inc. (2001), Headwaters Inc Oregon Natural Resources Council Action v. Talent Irrigation District (2001)
22 federal appellate · 5 district ·
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Chevron U. S. A. Inc. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc. · United States v. United Mine Workers of America · Hodel v. Virginia Surface Mining & Reclamation Assn., Inc. · Wickard v. Filburn · Tull v. United States
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 42 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“(a) The term waters of the United States means (1) All waters which are currently used, or were used in the past, or may be susceptible to use in interstate or foreign commerce, including all waters which are subject to the ebb and flow of the tide; ... (3) All other waters such as intrastate lakes, rivers, streams (including intermittent streams), ... wetlands, ... the use, degradation or destruction of which could effect interstate or foreign commerce ... (5) Tributaries of waters identified in paragraphs (a)(1) through (4) of this section ... (7) Wetlands adjacent to waters (other than waters that are themselves wetlands) identified in paragraphs (a)(1) through (6) of this section.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“The Act defines the operative terms of this prohibition broadly. The term “pollutants” includes fill material such as “dredged spoil, ... rock, sand, [and] cellar dirt,” 33 U.S.C. § 1362 (6), and “navigable waters” means “the waters of the United States,” id. § 1362(7). In so defining the term “navigable waters,” Congress expressed a clear intent “to repudiate limits that had been placed on federal regulations by earlier water pollution control statutes and to exercise its powers under the Commerce Clause to regulate at least some waters that would not be deemed ‘navigable’ under the classical understanding of the term.””
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“those areas that are inundated or saturated by surface or ground water at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. Wetlands generally include swamps, marshes, bogs, and similar areas.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.