Whether the 1991 amendments to 42 U.S.C. § 1981 overruled Jett v. Dallas Independent School District by creating a direct private right of action against state actors, or whether § 1983 remains the exclusive remedy

“(a) Statement of equal rights All persons within the jurisdiction of the United States shall have the same right in every State and Territory to make and enforce contracts, to sue, be parties, give evidence, and to the full and equal benefit of all laws and proceedings for the security of persons and property as is enjoyed by white citizens, and shall be subject to like punishment, pains, penalties, taxes, licenses, and exactions of every kind, and to no other. (b) “Make and enforce contracts” defined For purposes of this section, the term …”