Edward Douglass White

Edward Douglass White Jr. (November 3, 1845 – May 19, 1921) was an American politician and jurist who served as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1894 to 1910 and as the ninth Chief Justice of the United States from 1910 until his death in 1921, for a total of 27 years on the bench. He was a descendant of the Lee Family of Virginia.

Born in Lafourche Parish, Louisiana, White practiced law in New Orleans after graduating from the University of Louisiana, now Tulane University. He also attended the College of the Immaculate Conception, present-day Jesuit High School in New Orleans, class of 1865. His father, Edward Douglass White Sr., was the 10th Governor of Louisiana and a Whig US Representative. White fought for the Confederacy during the Civil War and was captured in 1865. After the war, White won election to the Louisiana State Senate and served on the Louisiana Supreme Court. As a member of the Democratic Party, White represented Louisiana in the United States Senate from 1891 to 1894.

In 1894, President Grover Cleveland appointed White as an associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court. In 1910, President William Howard Taft elevated him to the position of chief justice. The appointment surprised many contemporaries, as Taft was a member of the Republican Party. White served as chief justice until his death in 1921, when he was succeeded by Taft.

White sided with the Supreme Court majority in Plessy v. Ferguson, upholding the legality of state segregation to provide "separate but equal" public facilities in the United States. White would go on to write notable opinions in landmark cases such as Talton v. Mayes, Lone Wolf v. Hitchcock, Guinn v. United States, and the Selective Draft Law Cases.