Algarum Iviaris

Probably a corruption of laganum maris; lagan being a right, in the middle ages, like jetsam, and flotsam, by which goods thrown from a vessel in distress became the property of the king, or the lord on whose shores they were stranded. Spelman; Jacob; Du Cange. ALIA ENORMIA (Lat. other wrongs).

In pleading. A general allegation, at the end of a declaration, of wrongful acts committed by the defendant to the damage of the plaintiff. In form it is, "and other wrongs then and there did against the peace," etc. Under this allegation, damages and matters which naturally arise from the act complained of may be given in evidence (2 Greenl. Ev. § 678), including battery of servants, etc., in a declaration for breaking into and entering a house (6 Mod. 127; 2 Term R. 166; 7 Har. & J. [Md.] 68), and all matters in general which go in aggravation of damages merely, but would not of themselves be ground for an action (Bu Uer, N. P. 89; 3 Mass. 222; 6 Munf. [Va.] 308). But mattej-s in aggravation may be stated specially (15 Mass. 194; Gilm. [Va.] 227), and matters which of themselves would constitute a ground of action must be so stated (1 Chit. PI. 348; 17 Pick. [Mass.] 284). See, generally, 1 Chit. PL 648; Buller, N. P. 89; 2 Greenl. Ev. §§ 268, 273, 278; 2 Salk. 643; Peake, Ev. 505. ALIAS (Lat. alius, another).

In practice. Before; at another time. An alias writ is a writ issued where one of the same kind has been issued before in the same cause. The second writ runs, in such case, "We command you, as we have before commanded • you" {sicut alias), and the Latin word alias is used to denote both the writ and the clause in which it or its corresponding English word is found. It is used of all species of writs. ALIAS DICTUS (Lat. otherwise called). A description of the defendant by adding to his real name that by which he is known in some writing on which he is to be charged, or by which he is known. 4 Johns. (N. Y.) 118; 2 Caines (N. Y.) 362; 3 Caines (N. Y.) 219. ALIBI (Lat. elsewhere). Presence in another place than that described. When a person, charged with a crime, proves (se eadem die fuisse alibi) that he was, at the time alleged, in a different place from that in which it was committed, he is said to prove an alibi, the effect of which is to lay a foundation for the necessary in- ALIEN (Lat. alierms, belonging to another; foreign). A foreigner; one of foreign birth- In England. One born out of the allegiance of the king. -^In the United States, One born out of the jurisdiction of the United States, and who has not been naturalized under their constitution and laws. 2 Kent, Comm. 50. The children of ambassadors and ministers at foreign courts, however, are not aliens. And see 10 U. S. St. at Large, 604.