Artificial

Having Its existence In the given manner by virtue of or in consideration only of the law. An artificial person is a body, company, or corporation considered in law as an individual.

Having its existence in the given manner by virtue of or in consideration only of the law. Artificial person. A subject of duties and rights which is represented by one or more natural persons (generally, not necessarily, ence not necessarily depending on any natural life; this legal continuity answers to some real continuity of public functions or of special purpose recognized as having public utility or of some lawful common interest of the natural persons concerned. Pollock, First Book of Jurispr. 112. See Corporation. A body, company, or corporation considered in law as an individual. Trustees of Dartmouth College v. Woodward, 4 Wheat. (U. S.) 518, 4 L. Ed. 629. AS (Lat). A pound. It was composed of twelve ounces. The parts wera reckoned (as may be seen In the law, Servum de hceredibus, Inst. lib. xiii. Pandect) as follows: uncia, 1 ounce; sextans, 2 ounces; triens, 3 ounces; quadrans, 4 ounces; quincunx, 5 ounces; semis, 8 ounces; septunx, 7 ounces; bes, 8 ounces; dodrans, 9 ounces; dextans, 10 ounces; deunx, 11 ounces. The whole of a thing; solidum quid. Thus, as signified the whole of an inheritance: so that an heir ex asse was an heir of the whole inheritance. An heir ex triente, ex semisse, ex besse, ex deunce, was an heir of one-third, one-half, twothirds, or eleven-twelfths.

Created by art or by law; existing only by force of or in contemplation of law.

— Artificial force. In patent law. A natural force so transformed in character or energies by human power as to possess new capabilities of action; this transformation of a natural force into a force practically new involves a true inventive act. Wall v. Leek, 66 Fed. 555, 13 C. C. A. 630.

— Artificial persons. Persons created and devised by human laws for the purposes of society and government, as distinguished from natural persons. Corporations are examples of artificial persons. 1 Bl. Comm. 123. Chapman v. Brewer, 43 Neb. 890, 62 N. W. 320, 47 Am. St Rep. 779 ; Smith v. Trust Co., 4 Ala. 568.

— Artificial presumptions. Also called "legal presumptions;" those which derive their force and effect from the law, rather than their natural tendency to produce belief. 3 Starkie, Ev. 1235. Gulick v. Loder, 13 N. J. Law, 72, 23 Am. Dec. 711.

— Artificial succession. The succession between predecessors and successors in a corporation aggregate or sole. Thomas v. Dakin, 22 Wend. (N. Y.) 100.

— Artificial watercourse. See Watercourse.

Created by art, or by law; existing only by foree of or in contemplation of law,