Separable Controversy

— In the acts of congress relating to the removal of causes from state ceurts to federal courts, this phrase means a separate and distinct cause of action existing in the suit, on which a separate and distinct suit might properly have bcen brought and complete relief afforded as to such cause of action;

— or the case must be one capable of separation into parte, se that, in one of the parts, a controversy will be presented, wholly bstween citizens of different states, which can be fully determined without the presence of any of the other parties to the suit as it has bcen begun.

Fraser v. Jennison, 106 U. S. 191, 1 Sup. Ct 171, 27 In Ed. 131; Gudger v. Western N. C. R. Co. (C. C.) 21 Fed. 81; Security Co. v. Pratt (C. C.) 64 Fed. 405; Seaboard Air Line Ry. v. North Carolina R. Co. (C. C.) 123 Fed. 629.