Bound

n.; BOUNDARY. Bound: a limit: boundary: a visible line designating a limit. The terms are often interchanged. ^ Bounds. The legal, imaginary line by which different parcels of land are divided. The "bounds of a river" may refer to the center line of the river. ^ Arttflcial bo Tindary. An obj ect erected by man for designating the limit of an ownership in land; as, a post, a fence, or other monument. Natural boundary. Any natural object remaining where placed by nature; as, a. spring, a stream, a tree. Private boundaiy and public boundary are used. The most material and most certain calls control those which are less material and less certain. A call for a natural object, as, a river, a stream, a spring, or a marked tree, controls both course and distance." Courses and distances yield to natural and ascertained objects. Artificial and natural objects called for have the same effect. In a case of doubtful construction the claim of the party in actual possession will be maintained.* ' The Albro, 10 Bened. 671-72 (1879), cases; 1 Pet. *436-37: 3 Kent, 333; 2 Bl. Com. 457. " People ex rel. Seaver v. Green, 52 How. Pr. 445 (1873), Fancher, J. = See Webster's Diet. * Walton V. Tift, 14 Barb. 221 (1852). » Newsom v. Pryor, 7 Wheat. 10 (1810), Marshall, C. J.; Brown v. Huger, 21 How. 321 (1858). Monuments control courses, and specific courses a general course.^ On a question of private boundary, declarations of a particular fact, as distinguished from reputation, made by a deceased person, are not admissible unless it is shown that such person had knowledge of that whereof he spoke and was on the land or in possession of it when the declaration was made — as part of the res gestae.^ Where a disputed boundary between States is settled, grants previously made by one of lands claimed by it, and over which it exercised political jurisdiction, but which, on the adjustment of the boundary, are found to be within the territory of the other State, are void, unless confirmed by the latter State; but such confirmation cannot affect the titles of the same lands previously granted by the latter State. = See Abut; At, 2; Call, 2 (2); Confusion; Description; Line, 1; Monument, 1; Thread. ^