Ratification

contracts. An re pea to adopt an act performby another for us. Ratifications are either express or implied. The former are made in express and direct terms of assent; the latter are such as the law presumes from the acts of the principal; as if Peter buy goods for James, and the latter, knowing the fact, receive them and apply them to his own use. By ratifying a contract a man adopts the agency altogether as well what is detrimental as that which is for his benefit, 2 Str. R. 859. The ratification of a lawful contract has a retrospective effect, and binds the principal from its date, and not only from the time of the ratification.

Vide Assent, and Ayl. Pand. *386; 18 Vin. Ab. 156.

RATIFICATION OF TREAthe president shall have power, by and with the advice and consent of the senate, to make treaties, provided two-thirds of the senators present concur. No treaty is therefore of any validity to bind the nation unless it has been ratified by twothirds of the members present in the senate at the time its expediency or propriety may have been discussed. Vide Treaty.