River
A Law Dictionary, Adapted to the Constitution and Laws of the United States · John Bouvier · 1839
A Law Dictionary, Adapted to the Constitution and Laws of the United States
A natural collection of waters, arising from springs or fountains, which flow in a bed or canal of considerable width and length, towards the sea. Rivers may be considered as public or private. Public rivers are those in which the public have an interest. They are either navigable, which technically understood, signifies such rivers in which the tide flows. The soil or bed of such a river, understood in this sense, belongs not to the riparian proprietor, but to the public.
3 Caines's R. 307; 10 John. R. 236; 17 John. R. 151; 20 John. R. 90; 3 Wend. R. 423; 6 Cowen, R. 518; 14 Serg. & Rawle, 9; 1 Rand. R. 417; 3 Rand. R. 33; 3 Greenl. R. 269; 2 Conn. R. 481; 5 Pick. 199.
Public rivers, not navigable, are those which belong to the people in general, as public highways. The soil of these rivers belongs generally, to the riparian owner, but the public have the use of them; and the obstruction of such a stream may be punished by indictment.
Ang. on Wat. Courses, 202; Davies's Rep. 152; Callis on Sewers, 78; 4 Burr. 2162.
A private river, is one so naturally obstructed, that there is no passage for boats, for if it be capable of being so navigated, the public may use its waters. 1 McCord's R. 580; the soil in general belongs to the riparian proprietors. (q. v.) A river, then, may be considered, 1st, as private, in the case of shallow and obstructed streams; 2dly, as private property, but subject to public use, when it can be navigated; and 3dly, as public, both with regard to its use and property. Some rivers possess all these qualities. The Hudson is mentioned as an instance; in one part it is entirely private property; in another the public have the use of it; and it is public property from the mouth as high up as the tide flows.
Ang. Wat. Co. 205, 6.
In Pennsylvania, it has been held that the great rivers of that state, as the Susquehanna, belong to the public, and that the riparian proprietor does not own the bed or canal.
2 Binn. R. 75; 14 Serg. & Rawle, 71. Vide generally, Civ. Code of Lo. 444; 5 Bac. Ab. 497; 7 Com. Dig. 291; 1 Bro. Civ. Law, 170; Merl. Repert. h. t.; Jacobsen's Sea Laws, 417.