Voluntary
Bouvier's Law Dictionary and Concise Encyclopedia · John Bouvier; revised by Francis Rawle · 1914
Bouvier's Law Dictionary and Concise Encyclopedia
Willingly; done with one’s consent; negligently.
Wolff § 5.
To render an act criminal or tortious, it must be voluntary. If a man, therefore, kill another without a will on his part while engaged in the performance of a lawful act, and having taken proper care to prevent it, he is not guilty of any crime. And if he commit an injury to the person or property of another, he is not liable for damages, unless the act has been voluntary or through negligence; as, when a collision takes place between two ships without any fault in either.
2 Dods. Adm. 83; 3 Ilagg. Adm. 320, 414.
When the crime or injury happens in the performance of an unlawful act, the party will be considered as having acted voluntarily.