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damages

Definitions from Case Law · United States Supreme Court

Definitions from Case Law

From 487 U.S. 879 - Bowen v. Massachusetts · 1988Most cited · 2,351 citing opinions

money awarded as reparation for injury resulting from breach of legal duty.

How the Supreme Court has restated “damages”

192519401960198020002006 most cited: 487 U.S. 879 - Bowen v. Massachusetts (1988)
first stateddeparted

Each Supreme Court definition of “damages,” sized by how often later courts cited it. “Change” is measured by wording overlap with earlier definitions — a rough signal, not a semantic judgment.

How often courts cite the cases defining “damages”

1920194019601980200020202030922

Court decisions citing the 5 opinions that defined “damages” — 3,651 in all, by decade. Counts are citations to the defining cases as a whole, not verified uses of the term. The dip in the most recent years is a data-coverage gap, not a real trend — our corpus holds fewer opinions from the latest years.

All 5 definitions, chronological · 1925–2006

  1. 1925·269 U.S. 71 - Hicks v. Guinness[p1]· cited 178×
    ORIGINAL

    The loss for which the plaintiff is entitled to be indemnified is 'the loss of what the contractor would have had if the contract had been performed,' it happens at the moment when the contract is broken, just as it does when a tort is committed, and the plaintiff's claim is for the amount of that loss valued in money at that time.

    breach-date rule

  2. Damages,' however, have historically been awarded both for injury to property and injury to the person. The word 'damages' as used in 46 U.S.C. § 781 includes damages recoverable by a personal representative because of the death of a human being. Death is the supreme personal injury.

    Public Vessels Act

  3. damages exclusive of fees.

  4. pecuniary compensation or indemnity, which may be recovered in the courts." Black's 466 (emphasis added).