forward operation
Definitions from Case Law · United States Supreme Court
Definitions from Case Law
From 287 U.S. 358 - Great Northern Ry Co v. Sunburst Oil & Refining Co · 1932Most cited · 1,484 citing opinions
A state in defining the limits of adherence to precedent may make a choice for itself between the principle of forward operation and that of relation backward. It may say that decisions of its highest court, though later overruled, are law none the less for intermediate transactions.
How often courts cite the case defining “forward operation”
Court decisions citing the opinion that defined “forward operation” — 1,484 in all, by decade. Counts are citations to the defining case as a whole, not verified uses of the term. The dip in the most recent years is a data-coverage gap, not a real trend — our corpus holds fewer opinions from the latest years.