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war power

Definitions from Case Law · United States Supreme Court

Definitions from Case Law

From 320 U.S. 81 - Hirabayashi v. United States · 1943Most cited · 2,136 citing opinions

The war power of the national government is 'the power to wage war successfully'. It extends to every matter and activity so related to war as substantially to affect its conduct and progress. The power is not restricted to the winning of victories in the field and the repulse of enemy forces. It embraces every phase of the national defense, including the protection of war materials and the members of the armed forces from injury and from the dangers which attend the rise, prosecution and progress of war.

How the Supreme Court has restated “war power”

187018801900192019401948 most cited: 320 U.S. 81 - Hirabayashi v. United States (1943)
first stateddeparted

Each Supreme Court definition of “war power,” sized by how often later courts cited it. “Change” is measured by wording overlap with earlier definitions — a rough signal, not a semantic judgment.

How often courts cite the cases defining “war power”

18701900195020002030794

Court decisions citing the 5 opinions that defined “war power” — 4,036 in all, by decade. Counts are citations to the defining cases as a whole, not verified uses of the term. The dip in the most recent years is a data-coverage gap, not a real trend — our corpus holds fewer opinions from the latest years.

All 5 definitions, chronological · 1870–1948

  1. 1870·78 U.S. 493 - Stewart v. Kahn[p18]· cited 218×
    ORIGINAL

    The power is not limited to victories in the field and the dispersion of the insurgent forces. It carries with it inherently the power to guard against the immediate renewal of the conflict, and to remedy the evils which have arisen from its rise and progress. The power to pass it is necessarily implied from the powers to make war and suppress insurrections.

    suppression of insurrection

  2. From its very nature the war power, when necessity calls for its exercise, tolerates no qualifications or limitations, unless found in the Constitution or in applicable principles of international law.

  3. the war power includes the power 'to remedy the evils which have arisen from its rise and progress' and continues for the duration of that emergency. Whatever may be the consequences when war is officially terminated, the war power does not necessarily end with the cessation of hostilities.

  4. 1948·335 U.S. 160 - Ludecke v. Watkins[p6]· cited 359×

    A war power of the President not subject to judicial review is not transmuted into a judicially reviewable action because the President chooses to have that power exercised within narrower limits than Congress authorized.