Fire

The effect of combustion. The juridical meaning of the word does not differ from the vernacular. 1 Pars. Mae, Law, 231, et seq.

— Fire and sword, letters of. In old Scotch law. Letters issued from the privy council in Scotland, addressed to the sheriff of the county, authorizing him to call for the assistance of the county to dispossess a tenant retaining possession, contrary to the order of a judge or the sentence of a court. Wharton.

— Firearms. This word comprises nil sorts of guns, fowling-pieces, blunderbusses, pistols, etc. Harris v. Cameron, 81 Wis. 239, 51 N. W. 437, 29 Am. St. Rep. 891; Atwood v. State, 53 Ala. 509; Whitney Arms Co., v. Barlow, 38 N. Y. Super. Ct. 563.

— Firehare. A beacon or high tower by the seaside, wherein are continual lights, either to direct sailors in the night, or to give warning of the approach of an enemy. Cowell.

— Fire-bote. An allowance of wood or estovers to maintain competent firing for the tenant. A sufficient allowance of wood to bnrn in a house. 1 Washb. Real Prop. 99.

— Fire district. One of the districts into which a city may be (and commonly is) divided for the purpose of more efficient service by the fire department in the extinction of fires. Des Moines v. Gilchrist, 07 Iowa, 210, 25 N. W. 136.

— Fire insurance. See Insurance.

— Fire ordeal. See Ordeal.

— Fire policy. A policy of fire insurance. See Insurance.

— Fire-proof. To say of any article that it is "fire-proof" conveys no other idea than that the material out of which it is formed is incombustible. To say of a building that it is fire-proof excludes the idea that it is of wood, and necessarily implies that it is of some substance fitted for the erection of fire-proof buildings. To say of a certain portion of a building that it is fire-proof suggests a comparison between that portion and other parts of the building not so characterized, and warrants the conclusion that it is of a different material. Hickey v. Morrell, 102 N. Y. 459, 7 N. E. 321, 55 Am. Rep. 824.

— Firewood. Wood suitable for fuel, not including standing or felled timber which is suitable and valuable for other purposes. Hogan v. Hogan, 102 Mich. 641, 61 N. W. 73.

The effect of combustion. The juridical meaning of the word does nut differ

A policy of insurance against Are includes every loss necessarily following directly from the occurrence of a fire.s See Cause, 1, Proximate; Explosion; Insurance; Lightning. Fire-arm. A weapon acting by the force of gunpowder.^ See Arms, 2; Loaded; Weapon. Pire department. A city which is authorized to maintain water-works and a ' fire department, and which collects taxes for those purposes, is not responsible for the negligence of its fire department in permitting private property to be burned. ^ Fire-escape. An act which directs that certain buildings shall be provided with fire-escapes by the "owners," does not apply to an owner in fee, not in possession, who has leased the premises, but to the tenant. Being a penal statute, it cannot be extended by iiyplication to parties who do not clearly come within its terms. ^ Fire ordeal. See Ordeal..Fireworks. Percussion caps, designed for signaling railway trains are '* explosive preparations," within the ijieaning of a statute regulating the keeping of such articles, although they may not be " fireworks " as the latter term is known to commerce.' Set on fire. A statute giving damages against any one who shall " set on fire " the woods of another, does not apply to an accidental firing by a locomotive engine, without negligence.^ See Arson; Necessity; Res, Perit, etc.; Salvage; Take, 8. ' Exp. Watkms, 7 Pet. '574 (1833); Pervear v. Massachusetts, 6 Wall. 480 (1866). As to the power in associations to impose fines upon members, see 27 Am. Law Reg., 370-74(1883), cases. 2 Robbins v. Blodgett, 121 Mass. 584 (1877). * Brady v. North Western Fire Ins. Co., 11 Mich. 445 (1863). ^ 'Atwood V. State, 53 Ala. 509 (1875); Evins v. State, 46 id. 88 (1871); Hutchinson v. State, 62 id. S (1878); Williams v. State, 61 Ga. 417 (1878). « Robinson v. Evansville, 87 Ind. 334, 336-37 (1882): 85 id. 130; 17 B. Mon. 720: 19 Ohio St. 19; 16 Gray, 297; 104 Mass. 87; 123 id. 311; 69 Pa. 420; 88 Conn. 368; 63 Mo. 159; 18 Wis. 8-3; 33 id. 314; 39 Iowa, 575; 51 Ala. 139; Dill. Munic. Corp. § 774. ' Schott V. Harvey, 105 Pa. 222 (1884); Lea v. Kirby, 10 Cin. Law Bui. 449. ' Bliss V. Lilley, 113 E. C. L. 133 (1852). s Missouri, &o. R. Co. v. Davidson, 14 Kan. 849 (1875).

is a contract by which the insurer, in consequence of a certain premium received by him, either in a gross sum or by annual payments, undertakes to indemnify the insured against all loss or damage which he may sustain to a certain amount, in his houses or other buildings, stock, goods or merchandise, mentioned in the policy, by fire, during the time agreed upon.. 2 Marsh. Ins. B. 4, p- 784; Park, Ins. ch. 23, p. 441.