forfeiture

Forfeiture of unlawful oil under Texas law is a penalty imposed to vindicate the State's policy of conservation.

A punishment annexed by law to some illegal act or negligence in the owner of lands, tenements, or hereditaments, whereby he loses all his interest therein, and they become vested in the party injured as a recompense for the wrong which he alone, or the public together with himself, hath sustained. 2 Bl. Comm. 267. A sum of money to be paid by way of penalty for a crime. 21 Ala. (N. S.) 672; 10 Grat. (Va.) 700. See "Confiscate." Forfeiture by alienation. By the English law, estates less than a fee may be forfeited to the party entitled to the residuary interest by a breach of duty in the owner of the particular estate. 2 Bl. Comm. 274. In this country, such forfeitures are almost unknown, and the more just principle prevails that the conveyance by the tenant operates only on the interest which he possessed, and does not affect the remainderman or reversioner. 4 Kent, Comm. 81, 82, 424; 3 Dall. (Pa.) 486; 5 Ohio, 30; 1 Pick. (Mass.) 318; 1 Rice (S. C.) 459; 2 Rawle (Pa.) 168; 1 Wash. (Va.) 381; 11 Conn. 553; 22 N. H. 500; 21 Me. 372. See, also, Stearns, Real Actions, 11; 4 Kent, Comm. 84; 2 Sharswood, Bl. Comm. 121, note; Williams, Real Prop. 25; 5 Dane, Abr. 6-8; 1 Washb. Real Prop. 92, 197. Forfeiture for crimes. Under the constitution and laws of the United States (Const, art. 3, § 3; Act April 30, 1790, § 24 [1 Story, U. S. Laws, 88]), forfeiture for crimes is nearly abolished, and when it occurs, the state recovers only the title which the owner had. 4 Mason (U. S.) 174. See, also, Dalr. Feud. Prop. c. 4, pp. 145-154; Fost. Crim. Law, 95; 1 Washb. Real Prop. 92. Forfeiture by nonperformance of conditions. An estate may be forfeited by a breach or nonperformance of a condition annexed to the estate, either expressed in the deed at its original creation, or implied by law, from a principle of natural reason. 2 Bl. Comm. 281; Litt. § 361; 1 Prest. Est. 478; White & T. Lead. Cas. 794, 795; 5 Pick. (Mass.) 528; 2 N. H. 120; 5 Serg. & R. (Pa.) 375; 32 Me. 394; 18 Conn. 535; 12 Serg. & R. (Pa.) 190. Such forfeiture Conn. 79; 1 Johns. Cas. (N. Y.) 126; Walk. Am. Law, 299; 1 Washb. Real Prop. 454 Forfeiture by waste. Waste is a cause of forfeiture. 2 Bl. Comm. 283; 2 Inst. 299; 1 Washb. Real Prop. 118. See, generally, 2 Bl. Comm. c. 18; 4 Bl. Comm. 382; Bouv. Inst. Index; 2 Kent, Comm. 318; 4 Kent, Comm. 422; 10 Viner, Abr. 371, 394; 13 Viner, Abr. 436; Bac. Abr. "Forfeiture;" Comyn, Dig.; Dane, Abr.; 1 Brown, Civ. Law, 252; Considerations on the Law of Forfeiture for High Treason (London Ed. 1746; 1 Washb. Real Prop. 91, 92, 118, 197.

A punishment annexed by law to some Illegal act or negligence in the owner of lands, tenements, or hereditaments, whereby he loses all his interest therein, and they become vested In the party injured as a recompense for the wrong which he alone or the public together with himself, hath sustained. 2 Bla. Com. 267. A sum of money to be paid by way of penalty for a crime. Maclin V. Wilson, 21 Ala. 672; Anglea v. Com., 10 Gratt. (Va.) 700. Forfeiture hy alienation. By the English law, estates less than a fee may be forfeited to the party entitled to the residuary interest by a breach of duty in the owner of the particular estate; as if a tenant for his own life aliens by feoffments or fine for the life of another, or in tail, or in fee, or by recovery; there being estates, which either must or may last longer than his own, the creating them is not only beyond his power, but is a forfeiture of his oijrn particular estate; 2 Bla. Com. 274; 1 Co. 14 b. But no forfeiture estate during the life of the tenant In tall, at whose death it went to the heir in tail. This was called a discontinuance of the estate tail. 3 Bla. Com. 171. See Discontinuance of Estates. In this country such forfeitures are almost unknown, and the more just principle prevails that the conveyance by the tenant operates only on the Interest which he possessed, and does not affect the remainderman or reversioner; 4 Kent 81, 424; Mc Millan’s Lessee v. Robbins, 6 Ohio 30; Stevens v. Winship, 1 Pick. (Mass.) 318, 11 Am. Dec. 178; Rodfern v. Middleton’s Ex’rs, Rice (S. C.) 459; Stump v. Findlay, 2 Rawle (Pa.) 1G8, 19 Am. Dec. 632; French v. Rollins, 21 Me. 372. See, also, Stearn, Real Act 11; 2 Sharsw. Bla. Com. 121, n.; Wms. R. P. 25; 1 Washb. R. P. 92, 197. Forfeiture for crimes. Under the constitution and laws of the United States, Const art 3, § 3; Act of April 30, 1790, § 24, forfeiture for crimes is nearly abolished. And when it occurs the state recovers only the title which the owner had. See, also, Dalr. Feuds, p. 145; Fost Cr. Law 95; 1 Washb. R. P. 92; Story, Const 1296; Owens v. Owens, 100 N. C. 240, 6 S. B. 794. Forfeiture for treason. The constitution of the United States, art. 3, § 2, provides that no attainder of treason shall work forfeiture except during the life of the person attainted. The Confiscation Act provided that only the life estate of the convicted person can be condemned and sold; Bigelow V. Forrest, 9 Wall. (U. S.) 350, 19 L. Ed. 696; Day V. Micou, 18 Wall. (U. S.) 156, 21 L. Ed. 860. It was merely an exercise of the war power; Miller v. U. S., 11 Wall. (U. 304, 20 L. Ed. 135; and did not apply to the confiscation of enemies’ property; The Confiscation Cases, 1 Woods 221, Fed. Cas. No. 3,097. Forfeiture by nonrperformance of conditions. An estate may be forfeited by a breach or non-performance of a condition annexed to the estate, either expressed in the deed at its original creation, or implied by law, from a principle of natural reason; 2 Bla. Com. 281; Littleton § 361; 1 Prest. EsL 478; Tud. Lead. Cas. 794; Hayden v. Inhabitants of Stoughton, 6 Pick. (Mass.) 628; Andrews V. Senter, 32 Me. 394; Bowen v. Bowen, 18 Conn. 635; Stafford v. Walker, 12 S. & R. (Pa.) 190; Drown v. Ingels, 3 Wash. 424, 28 Pac. 769. Such forfeiture may be waived by acts of the person entitled to take advantage of the breach; Chalker v. Chalker, 1 Conn. 79, 6 Am. Dec. 206; Jackson v. Crysler, 1 Johns. Cas. (N. Y.) 120; 1 Washb. R. P. 454; Huklll v. Myers, 36 W. Va. 639, 16 S. B. 151. In order to authorize a claim to forfeiture of valuable property on account of violation of a condition, proceedings to

The loss of property or Ilfe in consequence of crime.

— Forisfactura plena. A forfeiture of all a man's property. Things which were forfeited. Du Cange. Spelman.

The loss of or transgression of surrender, consequent the thing so lost or

[L. Fr. forfaicture, from forfaire; L. Lvki. forisfaetura, forfactura.] The loss of what belongs to one, by some fault, misconduct or transgression of law. An involuntary or compulsory transfer or surrender, consequent upon one's own unlawful or wrongful act.* See To Forfeit Of this the fo Bowing are the principal varieties. The loss of land, or an estate in land, by one individual to another, as a punishment for some illegal act or negligence in relation to it; as for some alienation contrary to law, or the breach of some condition. 2 Bl. Com. 267, 274, 284. 1 Steph, Com, 421. 4 Kent's Com. 128. 2 Crahb's Real Prop. 89, § 1061, (Am. ed. note.) The loss of land by a tenant to his Tord, as the consequence of some breach of fidelity. 1 Steph. Com. 166. The loss of goods or chattels, as a punishment for some crime or misdemeanour in the party forfeiting, and as a compensation for the offence and injury committed against him to whom they are forfeited. 2 Bl Com. ^20. The loss of lands and ^oods to the state, as the consequence of crime. 4 Bl. Com. 381,.387. 4 SUph. Com. 447, 452. 2 Ken Vs Com. 885. 4 Id. 426. The loss of a certain sum of money as the consequence of violating the provisions of some statute, or refusal to comply with some requirement of law. The loss of ofl Bce, by abuser, non user, or refusal to exercise it. 1 Crabb*9 Real Prop. 456, § 576, et seq. The loss of life, as the consequence of the commission of some capital crime. For the American law of forfeiture in general, see the statutes of the several states, and of the United States, and see U. S. Digest and Supplement, Forfeiture,