independent
Defined in 6 dictionaries — Case Law, U.S. Code, Black's (1910), Anderson (1889), Stimson (1881), Bouvier (1839)
Definitions from Case Law
From 390 U.S. 207 - Securities & Exchange Commission v. New England Electric System · 1968Most cited · 77 citing opinions
gas companies not having any electric affiliations and gas companies not jointly operated with electric companies serving the same franchise area.
United States Code
42 U.S.C. § 12651D — in this section (7 versions over time)
The term "independent" has the meaning given the term in section 480(d) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1087vv(d)).
Black's Law Dictionary
Henry Campbell Black, M.A. · 1910
Not dependent; not subject to control, restriction, modification or limitation from a given outside source.
— Independent contract. See Contract.
— Independent contractor. In the law of agency and of master and servant, an independent contractor is one who, exercising an independent employment, contracts to do a piece of work according to his own methods and without being subject to the control of his employer except as to the result of the work; one who contracts to perform the work at his own risk and cost, the workmen being his servants, and he, and not the person with whom he contracts, being liable for their fault or misconduct. People v. Orange County Road Co.nst. Co., 175 N. Y. 84, 67 N. E. 129, 65 In R. A. 33 ; Waters r. Pioneer Fuel Co., 52 Minn. 474, 55 N. W. 52, 38 Am. St. Rep. 564; Smith v. Simmons, 103 Pa. 36, 49 Am. Rep. 113; Holmes v. Tennessee Coal, etc., Co., 49 La. Ann. 14, 22 South. 403; Bibb v. Norfolk & W. R. Co, 87 Va. 711, 14 S. E. 165; Louthan v. Hewes, 138 Cal. 116, 70 Pac. lO65.
— Independent covenant. See Covenant.
A Dictionary of Law
William C. Anderson · 1889
Glossary of Technical Terms, Phrases, and Maxims of the Common Law
Frederic Jesup Stimson · 1881
v. Covenant, Condition.
A Law Dictionary, Adapted to the Constitution and Laws of the United States
John Bouvier · 1839
Mutual or independent covenants are those entered into by the parties to an agreement towards each other, which each is bound to perform towards the other, notwithstanding the opposite party may not have fulfilled his. Platt on Cov. 71.