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1. Pertaining to the department of government which expounds the laws. 2. The body of officers who administer the law; the judges taken collectively; the bench. ' [Wolfe V. M'CauU, 76 Va. 880 (1831). 2 Constitution, Art. HI. sec. 1, 8. ' Cohens v. Virginia, 6 Wheat. 379 (1821), Marshall, C. J.; Osboum v. United States Bank, 9 id. 320 (1824); Tennessee v. Davis, 100 U. S. 264 (1879); The City of Panama, 101 id. 460 (1879); Manhattan R. Co. v. Mayor of New York, 18 F. E. 196 (1888); 8 Stoiy, Const. § 1647. * Mayor of Nashville v. Cooper, 6 Wall. 251 (1867), Swayne, J. 5 New Orleans, &c. E. Co. v. Mississippi, 108 U. S. 141 (1880), Harlan, J. See Ames v. Kansas, 111 id. 46.3- 72 (188(4), cases; 65 Barb. 448; 65 N. Y. 150. Frequently spoken of as the Federal and the State judiciary. Elective judiciary. When the judges of the courts of a State are chosen by popular vote they are said to constitute an " elective judiciary." Opposed, appointed judiciary. See Judge. Judiciary Act. The act of Congress of September 34, 1789, under which the Federal courts were originally organized, i The bill was prepared by Oliver Ellsworth. The wisdom and forethought with which the act was drawn have been the admiration of succeeding generations. It remains to the present day, with a few unimportant changes, the foundation of our system of judicature, and the law which confers, governs, controls, and limits the powers of all the Federal comets, except the Supreme Court, and which largely regulates the exercise of its powers. = JUDICrUM. See Judgment.