manufacture

The word may be used in a looser way to express the whole process by which an article is made ready for sale on the open market.

Primarily, something made by hand as distinguished from a natural growth, but as machinery has largely supplanted this primitive method the word is now ordinarily used to denote an article upon the material of which labor has been expended to make the finished product. 255 111. 272. To manufacture is to make or fabricate, as anything for use, especially in considerable quantities or numbers, or by the aid of many hands or machinery; to make wares or merchandise by hand or machinery or by other agency. 188 111. 495.

To make or fabricate raw materials by hand, art, or machinery, and work into forms convenient for use; and, when used as a noun, anything made from raw materials by hand, or by machinery, or by art. People v. Wemple, 61 Hun 63, 15 N. Y. Supp. 711. Making fish lines, ropes, etc., from raw material is a manufacture; City of New Orleans V. Arthurs, 36 La. Ann. 98; as is the making of cordage, rope, and twine; Waterbury V. Cordage Co., 42 La. Ann. 723, 7 South. 783. Cutting ice and storing it in a building is not; Hittinger v. Inhabitants of Westford, 135 Mass. 258. The manufacturer of artificial ice is a manufacturing company under Pennsylvania tax acts.. As to its signification in patent law, see Patent.

n.

In patent law. Any useful product made directly by human labor or by tHe aid of machinery directed and controlled by human power, and either from raw materials or from materials worked up into a new form. Also the process by which such producte are made or fashioned.

— Domestic manufactures. This term in a state statute la used, generally, of manufactures within its jurisdiction. Com. y. Giltinan, 64 Pa. 100.

v. The primary meaning of this word is "making with the hand," but this definition is too narrow for its present use. Its meaning has expanded as workmanship and art have advanced, so that now nearly all artificial products of human industry, nearly all such materials as have acquired changed conditions or new and specific combinations, whether from the direct action of the human hand, from chemical processes devised and directed by human skill, or by the employment of machinery, are now commonly designated as "manufactured." Carlin v. Western Assur. Co., 57 Md. 526, 40 Am. Rep. 440; Evening Journal Ass'n v. State Board of Assessors, 47 N. J. Law, 36, 54 Am. Rep. 114; Attorney General v. Lorman, 59 Mich. 157, 26 N. W. 311, 60 Am. Rep. 287; Kidd v. Pearson, 128 U. S. 1, 9 Sup. Ct. 6, 32 L. Ed. 346.

The process of making a thing by art; a thing so made.

0 The primary meaning of this word is “making with the hand,” but this definition is too narrow for its present use. Its meaning has expanded ag workmanship and art have advanced, so that now nearly all artificial products of human industry, nearly all such materials as have acquired changed conditions or new and specific combinations, whether from the direct action of the human hand, from chemical processes deyised and directed by human skill, or by the employment of machinery, are now commonly designated as “manufactured.” 57 Md. 526. See, also, 5 Blatchf. 215; 59 Mich. 163, 26 N. W. Rep. 311.

Is used, with reference to the law of patents, to denote whatever is made by turn an labor, either directly or through the instrumentality of machinery; also, for the process by which a commodity is made. Thus, either merchandise which has been made by skill or machinery, or the process of skill or machinery by which it is made, is styled a manufacture. The expression manufactures of metals, as used in an act regulating duties, means manufactured articles in which metals form a component part, and not articles in which they have lost their form entirely, and have become the chemical ingredients of new forms. Thus white lead, nitrate of lead, oxide of zinc, and dry and orange mineral, are not manufactures of metals within the meaning of the phrase. Meyer v. Arthur, 91 Cr.S.il Otto} 570. Animal charcoal, or bone black, produced by burning bone, and bone dust, produced by grinding bone, are within the phrase " manufactures of bone." Various definitions of the noun manufacture, and examples of its use, stated. Schrief Eer v. Wood, 5 Blatchf. 216.