Marshal

An officer of the United States, whose duty it is to execute the process of the courts of the United States. His duties within the district for which he is appointed are very similar to those of a sheriff. See U. S. St. at Large, Index; Sergeant, Const. Law, c. 25; 2 Dall. (U. S.) 402; Burr's Trial, 365; 1 Mason (U. S.) 100; 2 Gall (U. S.) 101; 4 Cranch (U. S.) 96; 7 Cranch (U. S.) 276; 9 Cranch (U. S.) 86, 212; 6 Wheat. (U. S.) 194; 9 Wheat. (U. S.) 645.

A court which had cognizance of cases which arose within the Verge i. e. within 12 miles of the place where the king was actually residing. Its judges had jurisdiction as deputies of the Lord Chief Justice; when he was present, their general authority ceased. When, in 28 Edw. I., the King's Bench was ordered to follow the king, their general jurisdiction practically ceased, though they sometimes tried cases in vacation under a special commission of oyer and terminer. As judges of the Court of the Marshalsea. the Steward and the Marshal had jurisdiction in debt and covenant (if both parties were of the King's household), and in trespass vi et armis (if one was); and it was limited to the Verge (10 Co. Rep. 71). As it was obliged to follow the king it was an extremely inconvenient court to use. It is probable that the fiction by which sprang from its early connection with this court Charles I. created a Court of the Palace to be held by the Steward and the Marshal, baying jurisdiction over all personal actions arising within the Verge of Whitehall, but cases begun there, if of Importance, were usually removed to the King's Bench r Common Pleas; l Boldsw. Hist. 1;. I.. BO. The Palace Court was abolished by 12 & 13 Vict. c. 101..'J Steph. Com. 317. COURT OF SWANIMOTE or SWE1N- MOTE (spelled, also, Swainmote, Swain-gemote; Saxon, strung, an attendant, a freeholder, and mote or gemote, a meeting). In English Law. One of the forest courts, now ol solete, held before the verderers, as Judges, by the steward, thrice In everj — the sweins or freeholders within the forest composing the jury. This court had jurisdiction to inquire into grievances and oppressions committed by the officers of the forest, and also to receive and try presentments certified from the court of attachments, certifying the cause, in turn, under the seals of the jury, in case of conviction, to the court of justice seat for the rendition of judgment Cowell; 3 Bla, Com. 71, 72;:: Steph. Com. 317, n. See Inderwick, King's Peace 150; Forest Laws.

In old English law. The title borne by several officers of state and of the law, of whom the most important were the following:
(1) The earl-marshal, who presided in the court of chivalry;
(2) the marshal of the king's house, or knight-marshal, whose special authority was in the king's palace, to hear causes between members of the household, and punish faults committed within the verge;
(3) the marshal of the king's bench prison, who had the custody of that jail;
(4) the marshal of the exchequer, who had the custody of the king's debtors;
(5) the marshal of the judge of assize, whose duty was to swear in the grand jury.

In American law. An officer pertaining to the organization of the federal judicial system, whose duties are similar to those of a sheriff. He is to execute the process of the United States courts within the district for which he is appointed, etc. Also, in some of the slates, this is the name of an officer of police, in a city or borough, having powers and duties corresponding generally to those of a constable or sheriff.

— Marshal of the queen's bench. An officer who had the custody of the queen's bench prison. The St. 5 & 6 Viet. c. 22, abolished this office, and substituted an officer calied "keeper of the queen's prison."

In American law. The ministeral oificer with duties similar to those of a sheriff; an ' cities with duties similar to those of a petty In English law. Marshal, mareschal: the title with judicial or ministerial powers, as, the mareschal, a high officer of state, who presided alry; the marshal of the king's house whose the king's palace, to hear and determine all to punish faults committed within the verge, established by public which a town is enmarket; a place or a town entitled to of a market of 53 Henry HI., of the Forest, and and for the better adbeau-pleader, introduca country. Marque, to make reprisals on of the subjects or border. Marque reprisals, with permaking them. of nobility next to ofl Sce of the marquess particularly on the side of of law a man and a engagement take each by which such an results. Marriage contemplating marmarriage settlement. marriage between perpaid or agreed to be made before or after of the parties is setguardian in chivalry of the federal court, officer in towns and constabla of several officers earl mai°shal, or lord in the court of chivspecial authority is in pleas of the crown, and and to hear and judge

A high court, formerly held in England by the steward and marshal of the king’s household, having jurisdiction of all actions against the king’s peace within the bounds of the household for twelve miles, which circuit was called the “verge.” Crabb, Eng. Law, 185. It had also jurisdiction of actions of debt and covenant, where both the parties were of the household. 2 Reeve, Eng. Law, 235, 247, COURT OF THE STEWARD OF

1. In old English law, the title applicable to several officers of different grades and powers; particularly the earl-marshal, or lord-marshal, who presided in the ancient court of chivalry; the knight-marshal, who formerly had a judicial authority within the king's palace; the marshal of the king's bench prison; the marshal of the exchequer, who had the custody of debtors to the revenue; marshal of judge of assise, whose duty it was to swear in the grand jury. Brown; Burrill. 2. In the United States courts, the marshal is the officer charged with the execution of process and various administrative duties. The appointment of marshals for the various districts, their official oath and bond, and their powers and duties, are prescribed by the Rev. Stats., §§ 776-783. It is the duty of the marshal of each district to attend the district and circuit courts when sitting therein, and to execute throughout the district all lawful precepts directed to him, and issued under the authority of the United States. Marshals and their deputies have, in each state, the same powers, in executing the laws of the United States, as the sheriffs and their deputies in such state may have, by law, in executing the laws thereof. The service of all process in equity suits, and the sales of all property under decree in admiralty, must be by the marshal or deputy, unless some person is specially appointed by the court for the purpose. The duty and liability of the marshal or his deputy, in the execution of process, may be said, generally, to correspond with those of a sheriff. The sheriff cannot take from the marshal, under state process, property which the latter already holds in custody under United States process. The marshal is also charged with the custody of prisoners held under process of the United States courts, except so far as by state laws provision has been made for the delivery of the custody of such prisoners to the state jails. See Rev. Stat. §§ 943, 944.

A high court, formerly held in England by the steward and marshal of the king's household, having jurisdiction of all actions against the king's peace within the bounds of the household for twelve miles, which circuit was called the verge. Cra Ws Hist. Eng. Law, 186. It had also jurisdiction of actions of debt and covenant, where both the parties were of the household. 2 Reeves' Hist. Eng. Law, 236, 247. This court had the same origin with the King's Bench, being like it an emanation from the curia regis, and obliged to attend the king vhicunquefuerit in Anglia, Crab Vs Hist. 416. The steward was the judge of this court, and the marshal the ministerial officer.* Id. 186. 2 Reeves' Hist 236, 247, 249, 420. COURT OF WARDS AND LIVE-