Navigation

The science or art of conducting a ship from one place to another This includes the supply of necessary im plements and skillful mariners. The instru. ments are useless without the skillful mariners, and conversely, navigation includes two things, — the supply of the instruments or organs of the ship, and the living instruments, or seamen. If either of these is wanting by the negligence of the owner, or of those for whom he is responsible, there is improper navigation. 53 L. J. P. D. & A. 66; 9 P. D. 145.

The act or the science or the business of traversing the sea or other waters in ships or vessels. Pollock v. Cleveland Ship Building Co., 56 Ohio St. 655, 47 N. E. 582; The Silvia, 171 U. S. 462, 19 Sup. Ch 7, 43 L. Ed. 241; Laurie v. Douglass, 15 Mees. & W. 746.

— Navigation acts, in English law. various enactments passed for the protection of British shipping and commerce as against foreign countries. For a sketch of their history and operation, see 3 Steph. Comm. They are now repealed. See 16 & 17 Viet. c. 107, and 17 & 18 Viet. cc. 5, 120. Wharton

— Navigation, rules of. Rules and regulations adopted by commercial nations to govern the steering and management of vessels approaching each other at sea so as to avoid the danger of collision or fouling

— Regular navigation. In this phrase, the word "regular" may be used in contradistinction to "occasional," rather than to "unlawful," and refer to vessels that, alone or with others, constitute lines, and not merely to such as are regular in the sense of being properly documented under the laws of the country to which they belong. The Steamer Smidt, 16 Op. Attys. Gen. 276.

The science, act or business of conducting vessels over water; commerce or intercourse by means of shipping.

In English law. Navigation act: the statute of 13 Car. II., c 18, forbidding foreign ships and seamen to trade with British colonies. It was repealed by the statute 6 Geo. IV., cc. 109, 110, 114.

The act or the science or the business of traversing the sea or other waters in ships or vessels.

The art, or business, or science of conducting vessels through waters, in the usual employment of them. Navigation laws. Acts of parliament regulating the trading intercourse of foreign countries with the United Kingdom and the British possessions In general. The original navigation law, passed in 1650, under the commonwealth, prohibited all ships of foreign nations from trading with any English "plantation" (or colony), without license from the council of state. In 1661, the prohibition was extended to the mother country. At the restoration, this provision was continued by Stat. 12 Car. II. ch. 18, passed in 1660, which required also that the master and the mariners should be British subjects; the object of this act being to encourage, by the exclusion of foreign competitors, the ships, seamen, and commerce of Great Britain. But now, by various acts 1853 (16 & 17 Vict. ch. 107), foreign vessels are generally allowed a free commercial intercourse with this country and its dependencies. But upon ships belonging to any nation which refuses to concede a similar freedom to British trade, and on the goods exported therein, her majesty may, by order in council, impose such duties as may appear justly to countervail the disadvantage to which British trade or navigation is so subjected. (3 Steph. Com. 143- 147.) Mozley^W. Rules of navigation. These are systematic rules and regulations by which the movements of vessels, when approaching each other under such circumstances that a collision may possibly ensue, must be governed. Such rules have long prevailed under the general maritime law, in the absence of statutory enactments; but these have more recently been superseded by express enactment, in most of the commercial countries of the world. A leading system is that promulgated by the corporation of the Trinity House on the 30th of October, 1840, and which maybe found in full in 1 W. Rob. Adm. 488. The United States revised statutes prescribe important regulations of like purpose.

whatever relates to traversing the sea in ships; the art of ascertaining the geograpas position of a ship, and directing er course. It is not within the plan of this work to copy the acts of congress relating to navigation, or even an abstract of them. The reader is referred to Story’s L. U. S. Index, h. t.; Gordon’s Dig. art. 2905, et seq-