Paper

A manufactured substance composed of fibres (whether vegetable or animal) adhering together in forms consisting of sheets of various sizes and of different thicknesses, used for writing or printing or other purposes to which flexible sheets are applicable. 4 H. & N. 470. Books are not paper within the meaning of the tariff act; Pott v. Arthur, 104 U. S. 735, 26 L. Ed. 900. In English Practice. The list of cases intended for argument. See Paper-Days.

A written or printed document or instrument A document filed or introduced in evidence in a suit at law, as, in the phrase "papers in the case" and in "papers on appeal." Any writing or printed document, including letters, memoranda, legal or business documents, and books of account, as in the constitutional provision which protects the people from unreasonable searches and seizures in respect to their "papers" as well as their houses and persons. A written or printed evidence of debt, particularly a promissory note or a bill of exchange, as in the phrases "accommodation paper" and "commercial paper."

In English practice. The list of causes or cases intended for argument, called "the paper of causes." 1 Tidd, Pr. 504.

— Accommodation paper. See that title.

— Commercial paper. See Commercial.

— Paer blockade. 'See Blockade.

— Paper ook. In practice. A printed collection or abstract, in methodical order, of the pleadings, evidence, exhibits, and proceedings in a cause, or whatever else may be necessary to a full understanding of it, prepared for the use of the judges upon a hearing or argument on apgeal. Copies of the proceedings on an issue in tw or demurrer, of cases, and of the proceedings . on error, prepared for the use of the judges, and ' delivered to them previous to bringing the cause to argument. 3 Bl. Comm. 317; Archb. New Pr. 353 ; 5 Man. & G. 98. In, proceedings on appeal or error in a criminal case, copies of the proceedings with a note of the points intended to be argued, delivered to the judges by the parties before the argument Archb. Crim. PI. 205; Sweet.

— Paper credit. Credit given on the security of any written obligation purporting to represent property.

— Paper days. In English law. Certain days in term-time appointed by the courts for hearings or arguments in the cases set down in the various specini papers.

— Paper money. Bills drawn by a government against its own credit, engaging to pay money, but which do not profess to be immediately convertible into specie, and which are put into compulsory circulation as a substitute for coined money.

— Paper office. In English law. An ancient office in the paiaee of Whitehall, uffiere all the public writings, matters of state and council, proclamations, letters, intelligences, negotiations of the queen's ministers abroad. and generally all the papers and dispatches that pass through the offices of the secretaries of state, are deposited. Also an office or room in the court of queen's bench where the records belonging to that court are deposited; sometimes called "paper-mill." Wharton.

— Paper title. See Title.

1. Within the meaning of the revenue law, a book is not " paper or manufacture of paper." 2 2. In a statute against sending obscene papers, includes a letter.'' 3. In the sense of a printed sheet or sheets containing the current news, see Newspaper. 4. A commercial, business, or negotiable instrument. Accommodation-paper. See Accommodation. Commercial paper. Paper governed by the rules established upon the customs of merchants: bills of exchange, promissory notes, negotiable bank-checks.* Negotiable promissory notes and bills of exchange, in the strictest sense.* Negotiable papqr given in the due course of business.6 That class of paper which is transferable by indorsement and delivery, and between private parties is exempt, in the hands of innocent holders, from inquiry into the circumstances under which it was put into circulation. ^ See further Current, 3; Negotiable. Paper credit. Bills of exchange and promissory notes. 8 Paper money. See Tender, Legal. 5. In the language of the courts, has sev- ^iral meanings, somewhat technical. Standing alone, ' ' a paper " often desigiiates a pleading or other writing rendered necessary by the contentions between the litigants. Lawyers speak of " making out," of " serving," and of " filing papers; " and judges are said to " take the papers " in a case just argued, for use in arriving at a decision; and, before a court of error, the record includes all " papers filed " in the court below. Paper book. A collection of the written proceedings in a cause, for the use of the I State V. Potter, 18 Conn. 175 (1846); Porter v. Cass, 7 How. Pr. 443 (1852). " Pott V. Arthur, 104 U. S. 735 (1881). ' Thomas v. State, 103 Ind. 419, 422-25 (1885); * [Re Chandler, 4 Bankr. Reg. 215 (1870), cases. 6 Ross V. Jones, 22 Wall. 593 (1874), Clifford, J. 'Be Sykes, 6 Biss. 114 (1870), Blodgett, J. ' The Floyd Acceptances, 7 Wall. 675 (1868), MUler, court at argument, and pending subsequent deliberations. A copy of the record delivered to the judges of a court of appeal. 1 By ancient practice in England, on motion days the court began by calling upon the senior barristers to move, in the order of seniority. The next day the same practice was repeated; and thus it happened that sometimes weeks elapsed before the juniors could be heard. Lord Mansfield changed this practice by going through the entire bar before returning to the seniors. He also ordered that motions requiring argument should be put down on a paper (a list), which the court would go through before entering upon the general call of the bar. The days for hearing these matters became laiown as " paper days," and the briefs required to be furnished the judges, in analogy to the demurrer and issue books of the previous practice, were called "paper books." * Paper title. Describes a claim of title which, while evidenced by one or more writings, is without substantial legal foundation or validity., 6. In a few of the States, a writing issued by a justice of the peace to a constable, directing hira to do some ministerial act, as, to make a levy.' 7. In international and constitutional law, a document more or less formal or solemn; as, in state paper, paper blockade. See Blockade. Compare Document; Instrument, 3; Writing.