Pound

Ex vi term Jvni is an enclosed piece of land, secured by a firm structure of stone, or of posts and timber, placed in the ground. 2 Cush. (Mass.) 309. A place, inclosed by public authority, for the temporary detention of stray animals. 4 Pick. (Mass.) 258; 5 Pick. (Mass.) 514; 9 Pick. (Mass.) 14. In Weights. There are two kinds of weights, namely, the troy and the avoirdupois. The pound avoirdupois is the greater, being seven thousand grains, the troy pound, five thousand seven hundred and sixty. The troy pound contains twelve ounces; that of avoirdupois sixteen ounces. In Money. The sum of twenty shillings. Previous to the establishment of the federal currency, the different states made Pound sterling is a denomination of money of Great Britain. It is of the value a sovereign. In calculating the rates of duties, the pound sterling was, by statute, considered and taken as of the value of four dollars and eighty cents. Act March 3, 1883. Under the same act the pound sterling of Ireland was to be computed, in calculating said duties, at four dollars and ten cents.

A place, enclosed by public authority, for the temporary detention of stray animals. Gilmore v. Ilolt, 4 Pick. (Mass.) 258; Brightman v. Grinnell, 9 Pick. (Mass.) 14. Animals may not be impounded unless they are suffered by the owner to run at large, within the strict construction of the statute; Adams v. Nichols, 1 Aik. (Yt) 316; if the impounding is illegal, they can be recovered by the owner; Morse v. Reed, 28 Me. 481; Mellen v. Moody, 23 Vt. 674. If it is legal, the owner must pay the costs imposed; Mahler v. Ilolden, 20 111. 363; and the pound-keeper need not deliver over the animals until all legal charges are paid; Folger v. Hinckley, 5 Cush. (Mass.) 263; Keith v. Bradford, 30 Vt. 34; the impounder has the right to use the some force to maintain his possession as a sheriff has to protect his possession under legal process; Barrows v. Fassett, 36 Vt. 625. Where the proper officer finds cattle running at large in public streets, he may pursue them upon private property; Mosher v. Jewett, 63 Me. 84; but when a man finds strange cattle in his field, he Is not bound to impound or retain them for the owner, but may drive them off into the highway; Stevens v. Curtis, 18 Pick. (Mass.) 227; if, however, he impounds, he must feed and water them properly, according to the usage of the country and good husbandry; Adams v. Adams, 13 Pick. (Mass.) 384; he must proceed strictly according to the statute, or he pounded animal can be sold; Newhouse v. Hatch, 12G Mass. 304; and sucli notice must state the legal charges; Pickard v. Howe, 12 Mete. (Mass.) 108. Laws authorizing the impounding and sale of stock without notice or judicial investigation are held to be unconstitutional as authorizing a sale of private property without due process of law; Rockwell v. Nearing, 35 N. Y. 302; Hose v. Ilardie, 98 N. C. 44. 4 S. E. 41; Anderson v. Locke, 04 Miss. 283, l South. 251; but it has been held that such laws are valid under the police power; Wilcox v. Hemming, 58 Wis. 144, 15 N. W. 435, 4G Am. Rep. G25. See Animal; Estray; Running at Large. Weights. See Weights.: Money. The sum of twenty shillings. Previous to the establishment of the federal currency, the different states made use of tile pound in computing money: it was ' of different value in the several states. Pound Sterling is a denomination of money of Great Britain. It is of the value of a sovereign (q. v.). In calculating the rates of duties, the pound sterling shall be taken as of the value of four dollars and eightysix cents and six and one-lialf mills, and the pound sterling of Ireland at four dollars and ten cents; U. S. R. S. § 35G5.

1. A place, inclosed by publlc authority, for the temporary detention of stray animala. Harriman v. Fifield, 36 Vt. 345; Wooley v. Groton, 2 Chsh. (Mass.) 308. A pound-overt is snid to be one that is open overhead ; a pound-covert is one that is close, or covered over, such as a stable or other building.
2. A measure of weight. The pound avoirdupois contains 7,000 grains; the pound troy 5,760 grains. In New York, the unit or standard of weight, from which all other weights shall be derived and ascertained, is declared to be the pound, of such magnitude that the weight of a cubic foot of distilled water, at its maximum density, weighed in a vacuum with brass weights, shall be equal to sixty-two and a half such pounds. 1 Rev. St N. Y. p. 617, § 8.
3. "Pound" is alao the name of a denomination of English money, containing twenty shillings. It was also used in the United States, in computing money, before the introduction of the federal coinage,

— Found breach. The act or offense of breaking a pound, for the purpose of taking out the cattle or goods impounded. 3 Bl. Comm. 12,146; State v. Young, 18 N. H. 544.

— Pound-keeper. An officer charged with the care of a pound, and of animals confined there.

— Pound of land. An uncertain quantity of land, said to be about fifty-two acres.

An enclosure; an enclosed place in which trained are shut up. Pound breacli: the pound, for the purpose of taking out the cattle Pound master: the keeper of a pound. Ponndag^e. An allowance to a sheriff on the amount ecution, estimated in England, and formerly in so much on the pound.

In old English law. A subsidy to the value of pound, granted to the king, of all merchandise

1. Twenty shillings. In calculating the rates of duties, the pound sterling shall be taken as of the value of four dollars, eighty-six cents, and six and one-half mills.' The Colonial pound, in Georgia, contained fifteen hundred and forty-seven grains; in Virginia, Massa- 1 3 Bl. Com. 386. ' Breckinridge v. Denny, 8 Bush, 587 (1871). SI Bl. Cora. 130; 3 id. 169; 4 Kent, 412, 521, 525; 3 Washb. R. P. 412; 29 6a. 549; 4 Paige, 52; 6 id. 172; 18 S. C. 55; 3 Munf. 20; 1 Murph. 283. 4 Woolsey, Int. Law, 5 ed. § 151. 5 Vattel, Law of Nations, § 204. See also 1 Kent, 108; 1 N. Mex. 44. 6 See State v. Underwood, 76 Mo. 639 (1882); 8 How. chusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, and New Hampshire, twelve hundred and eighty-nine grains; in New, Jei'sey, Delaware, Pennsylvania, and Maryland, one thousand and thirty-one and a quarter grains; in New York, and North Carolina, nine hundred and sixty-six grains... In New England, six shillings, or one hundred and eight coppers, made a dollar, in New Jeey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Maryland, ninety pencQ; in New York, and North Carolina, ninety -six coppers, In Pennjylvania currency, a pound was equivalent to $2.66 , a shilling to 13 cents, and sixpence to G% cents; although the latter passed for 12 and 6J4 cents respectively. It is suggested that in these values is found the explanation of the origin of the practice by which juries in that State award 6 cents (a sixpence) as nominal damages — which carry full costs; and the origin of the statutory limit from which no appeal may be had from the judgment of a justice of the peace, to wit, $5.33J , that is, two pounds. 3. A legal inclosure for the confinement of estrays, or the custody of goods distrained. An enclosed piece of land, secured by a firm structure of stone, or of posts and timber, placed in the ground.'' Like the grant of a mill, house, etc., carries with it the land on which it stands as parcel of the subjectmatter of the grant. Necessarily requires, land, and is in its nature pei"petual.* The board of supervisors of San Francisco granted to one A., and his assigns, the exclusive privilege, for twenty years, of having and removing the carcasses of dead animals, not slain for food, subject to certain sanitary regulations, and with the provision that the keeper of the public pound should notify A. to remove animals destroyed thei'ein. Held, that the plaintiff could restrain the pound-keeper from delivering carcasses to any other person. Impound. 1. To confine in a pound; as, an animal estray. 3. To place in the custody of the law; as, an instrument discovered, in the course of a trial, to be a forgery, An original will is said to be impounded with the register of wills. An executor may impound a legacy to set off a debt due by the legatee.* Things distrained must be first carried to some pound. Once impounded, even though without cause, the owner may not break the pound and take them out: for they are then in the custody of the law. If a live distress of animals be impounded in a common povnd-overt (i, o., open overhead), the ow Tier ' 1 Mc Master, Hist. Peop. U. S. 23, I91, 189-200. See Chapman v. Calder, 14 Pa. 357 (1850); Hinds v. Knox, 4 S. & R. 417 (1819); Winger v. Rife, 101 Pa. 152, 160 (1882). = A. S. pund: L. parcvs, an inclosure,— 3 Bl. Com. 12. < Wooley V. Groton, 2 Cush. 309 (1848), Shaw, C. J. must take notice at his peril; but if in a special poundovert, constituted for the particular purpose, the distrainor must five notice to the owner; and in both cases the owner is bound to feed the beasts. But if put in a pound-covei't (i. e., closed), in a stable or the like, the distrainor must feed them.i Being in the custody of the law, taking the distress back by force is a " rescous," for which pound-breacha remedy in damages, lies in the distrainor.' See Distress. Pound-master. The keeper of a pound. Poundage. 1. Money paid for the release of animals impounded. 2. An allowance to a sheriff of a percentage upon the amount levied under an execution. Whether referable to a percentage upon each pound sterling collected, or to the charge for keeping goods impounded, is not settled.

1. A measure of weight. 2. A denomination of English money. 3. An enclosure maintained by authority of law for the confinement of estrays, or (in England) for custody of goods distrained. A pound is, generally, any place enclosed to keep in beasts, but especially a place of strength to keep cattle which are distrained, or put in for any trespass done by then), until they are replevied or redeemed.

In this signification, it is called pound ocert and and which he prorides for the use of himself and tenants, and ia also called the lord's or the common pound; and a backside yard, &c., whereto the owner of beasts impounded may come to give them meat, without offence, is a pound overt. A pound covert is a close place, which the owner of the cattle cannot come to, without giving offence, such as a house, &c. There is also a difference between a common pound, an open pound, and a close pound, as to cattle impounded. Where cattle are kept in a common pound, no notice is necessary to the owner to feed them; but, if they are put into any other open place, notice is to be given; and he is then also bound to feed them; and, if beasts are impounded in a pound close, as in part of the distrainor's house, stable, &c., he is to feed them at his peril. Jacob. A town pound, ex vi termini, is an enclosed piece of land secured by a firm structure of stone, or of posts and timber, placed in the ground; and, by the grant, or exception, in a deed of conveyance of a town pound, the land on which it stands is conveyed or excepted, not as an appurtenance, but as parcel of the subject-matter. Wooley I). Groton, 2 Cush. 305. Found-breach. The offence of breaking into a lawful enclosure for estrays, to take out an animal there confined. Pound-breach is the act of breaking into a pound or enclosure in which things distrained are placed under the protection of law; and it is an offence in the eye of the law even where the distress has been taken without just cause; for, when once impounded, the goods immediately are in legal custody. The punishment varies according to the nature of the thing distrained. Brown. Pound-breach is the destruction of a pound, or any part, lock, or bolt thereof, or the taking of cattle or other goods from the place where they are impounded. 3 Bl. Com. 146. Pound-keeper. A local officer charged with the care of a pound, and of animals confined in it.

weight. There are two kinds of weights, namely, the troy, and the avoirdupois. The pound avoirdupois is greater than the troy pound, in the proportion of seven thousand to five thousand seven hundred and sixty. The troy pound contains twelve ounces, that of avoirdupois sixteen ounces.