public benefit

(A) the Federal Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance Benefits programs under title II of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 401 et seq.);

(B) the medicare program established under title XVIII of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 1395 et seq.], including benefits as a qualified medicare beneficiary, as defined in section 1905(p) of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 1396d(p)];

(C) the medicaid program established under title XIX of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 1396 et seq.];

(D) the program established under the Food Stamp Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 2011 et seq.);

(E) the program established under the Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Act of 1981 (42 U.S.C. 8621 et seq.);

(F) the supplemental security income program established under title XVI of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1381 et seq.); or

(G) a program determined to be appropriate by the Assistant Secretary.

(i) means a benefit accrued to the public, including Amtrak, in the form of enhanced mobility of people or goods, environmental protection or enhancement, congestion mitigation, enhanced trade and economic development, improved air quality or land use, more efficient energy use, enhanced public safety or security, reduction of public expenditures due to improved transportation efficiency or infrastructure preservation, and any other positive community effects as defined by the Secretary; and

(ii) shall be determined on a project-by-project basis, based upon an agreement between the parties.