representative

any person authorized by the employees to act for them in dealings with their employers

One who represents or is in the place of another. One having lawful authority to act in behalf of the property and bind the owner in regard thereto. 104 111. 554. In legislation, it signifies one who has been elected a member of that branch of the legislature called the "house of representatives." The executor or administrator of a deceased person is called the "personal representative," to distinguish him from the "real representative," or heir at law. 39 Barb. (N, Y.) 520.

One who represents or is in the place of another. In the law of decedents’ estates any person who has succeeded to the rights of the decedent, whether by purchase, descent, or operation of law. Kroh v. Ileins, 48 Neb. 691, 67 N. W. 771. A representative of a deceased person, sometimes called a “personal representative,” or “legal personal representative,” is one who is executor or administrator of the person described. 6 Madd. 159; 5 Ves. 402. See Cox v. Curwen, 118 Mass. 200; Lodge v. Weld, 139 Mass. 504, 2 N. E. 95. A gift in a will to the “representative” of a person is a gift to his legal personal representatives, in the absence of any context in the will showing that the word is to have a different meaning; 45 Ch. Div. 269. In legislation, it signifies one who/ has been elected a member of that branch of the legislature called the house of representatives. The securing of fair apportionment of representatives in legislative bodies is one of the most serious problems in modern constitutional law, there being no subject as to which the legislation is more frequently affected by partisan bias. In many of the states there has been an effort to control the matter by constitutional provisions under which it is usually required that the districts shall be formed of contiguous territory and contain as nearly as possible an equal number of inhabitants. These are the principal provisions in the constitution of Illinois, in which state it was held that an apportionment act was valid which was a substantial compliance with the constitution, though the rule of compactness was only applied to a limited extent; People v. Thompson, 155 111. 451, 40 N. E. 307. The subject has been very carefully considered in Indiana. Among the conclusions reached there are: that under the state constitution requiring a sexennial enumeration of the male inhabitants over twenty-one years and an apportionment at the next legislative session thereafter, the legislature, having once made a valid apportionment after an enumeration, is prohibited from making a reapportionment and from repealing such valid apportionment during the enumeration period; that if the first apportionment is invalid, even before it has been declared so by the courts, a second may be passed; that the question of the validity of such a law is not a political one. to be determined only at the discretion of the legislature, but that it is entirely within the jurisdiction of the courts to determine its constitutionality; that where the question of constitutionality has been determined by a lower court in an action between the citizens, and an appeal is dismissed, the subject is not res judicata as against the state; and that the state is not estopped from objecting to the constitutionality of an apportionment by the fact that a legislature has been elected under an unconstitutional act; Board of Com’rs of Huntington Co. v. Ileaston, 144 Ind. 593, 41 N. E. 457, 43 N. E. 651, 55 Am. St. Rep. 192. In New Jersey It was held that the constitutionality of such acts is a subject of judicial inquiry and not a mere political question, but that the courts cannot overturn a law passed within constitutional limitations on the ground that it is unwise, impolitic, unjust, or oppressive, or even that It was procured by corporate means; State v. Wrightson, 56 N. J. L. 126, 28 Atl. 56, 22

Representation is the act of one person representing or standing in the place of another; and he who so represents or stands in the place of another is termed his "representative." Thus, an heir is the representative of the ancestor, and'an executor is the representative of the testator, the heir standing in the place of his deceased ancestor with respect to his realty, the executor standing In the place of his deceased testator with respect to his personalty; and hence the heir is frequently denominated the "real" representative, and the executor the "personal" representative. Brown; 2 Steph. Comm. 248. And sce Lee v. Dill, 39 Barb. (N. Y.) 520; Staples v. Lewis, 71 Conn. 288, 41 Atl. 815; McCrary v. McCrary, 12 Abb. Prae. (N. Y.) 1.' In constitutional law, representatives are these persons chosen by the pcople to represent their several interests in a legislative body.

— Legal representative. A person who, in the law, represents the person and controls the rights of another. Primarily the term meant those artificial representatives of a deceased person, the executors and administrators, who by law represented the deceased, in distinction from the heirs, who were the "natural" representatives. But as, under statutes of distribution, executors and administrators are no longer the sole representatives of the deceased as to personal property, the phrase has lost much of its original distinctive force, and is now used to describe either executors and administrators or children, descendants, next of kin, or distributees. Moreover, the phrase is not always used in its technical sense nor always with reference to the estate of a decedent; and in such other connections its import must be determined from the context; so that, in its general sense of one person representing another, or succeeding to the rights of another, or standing in the place of another, it may include an assignee in bankruptcy or insolvency, an assignee for the benefit of creditors, a receiver, an assignee of a mortgage, a grantee of land, a guardian, a purchaser at execution sale, a widow, or a surviving partner. See Staples v. Lewis, 7l Conn. 288, 41 Atl. 815; Miller v. Metcalf, 77 Conn. 176, 58 Atl. 743; Wamecke v. Lembca, 71 III95, 12 Am. Rep. 85; Thayer v. Pressey, 175 Mass. 225, 56 N. E. 5; Thompson v. U. S., 20 Ct. Cl. 278; Cox v. Curwen, 118 Mass. 200; Halsey v. Paterson, 37 N, J. Eq. 448; Merchants' Nat. Bank v. Abernathy, 32 Mo. App. 211; Hogan v. Page, 2 Wall. 607, 17 In Ed. 854 ; Mutuni L. Ins. Co. v. Armstrong, 117 U. S. 591, 6 Sun. Ct. 877, 29 Ij. Eld. 997; Wright v. First Nat. Bank, 30 Fed. Cas. 673; Henderson Nat. Bank v. Alves, 91 Ky. 142, 15 S. W. 132; McLain v. Bedgood, S9 Ga. 793, 15 S. E. 670; Com. v. Bryan, 6 Serg. & R. (Pa.) 83; Barbour v. National Exch. Bank, 45 Ohio St. 133, 12 N. E. 5; Griswold v. Sawyer, 125 N. Y. 411, 26 N. E. 464 ; Lasat-er v. First Nat. Bank (Tex. Civ. App.) 72 S. W. 1054.

— Personal representatives. This term, in its commonly accepted sense, means executors and administrators; but it may have a wider meaning, according to the intention of the person using it, and may include heirs, next of kin, descendants, assignees, grantees, receivers. and trustees in insolvency. See Griswold v. Sawyer, 125 N. Y. 411, 26 N. E. 464 ; Wells v. Bente, 86 Mo. App. 264; Staples v. Lewis, 71 Conn. 288, 41 Atl. 815; Baynes v. Ottey, 1 Mylne & K. 465; In re Wilcox & Howe Co., 70 Co.nn. 220, 39 Atl. 163.

— Real representative. He who represents or stands in the place of another, with respect to his real property, is so termed, in contradistinction to him who stands in the place of another, with regard to his personal property, and who is termed the "personal representative." Thus the heir is the real representative of his deceased ancestor. Brown.

— Representative aetiou or suit. A representative action or suit is one brought by a member of a class of persons on behalf of himself and the other members of the class. In the proceedings before judgment the plaintiff is, as a rule, dominus litis, (g. v.;) and may discontinue or compromise the action as he pleases. Sweet.

— Representative democracy. A form of government where the powers of the sovereignty are delegated to a body of men, elected from time to time, who exercise them for the benefit of the whole nation. 1 Bouv. Inst. no. 31.

— Representative peers. Those who, at the commencement of every new parliament, are elected to represent Scotland and Ireland in the British house of lords; sixteen for the former and twenty-eight for the latter country. Brown.

One who represents or is in the place of another. In legislation it signifies one who has been elected.a member of that branch of the legislature called the house of representatives. <A representative of a deceased person, sometimes called a “ personal representative,” or ‘legal personal representative,” is one who is executor or administrator of the person described. 6 Madd. 159; 5 Ves. 402. REPRESENTATION OF