service

Service' as used by Congress in this definitive phrase means not only work actually done but the entire employer-employee relationship for which compensation is paid to the employee by the employer.

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In contracts. The being employed to serve another; duty or labor to be rendered by one person to another. The term is used also for employment in one of the offices, departments, or agencies of the government; as in the phrases "civll service," "publlc service," etc.

In feudal law. Service was the consideration which the feudal tenants were bound to render to the lord in recompense for the lands they held of him. The services, in respect of their quality, were either free or base services, and, in respect of their quantity and the time of exacting them, were either certain or uncertain. 2 Bl. Comm. 60.

In practice. The exhibition or delivery of a writ, notice, injunction, etc., by an authorized person, to a person who is thereby officially notified of some action or proceeding in which he is concerned, and is thereby advised or warned of some action or step which he is commanded to take or to forbear. See Walker v. State, 52 Ala. 193; U. S. v. McMahon, 164 U. S. 81, 17 Sup. Ct. 28, 41 In Ed. 357; Sanford v. Dick, 17 Conn. 213; Cross v. Barber, 16 R. I. 266, 15 Atl. 69.

— Civil Service. See that title.

— Constructive service of process. Any form of service other than actuni personal service ; notification of an action or of some proceeding therein, given to a person affected by sending it to him in the mails or causing it to be published in a newspaper.

— Personal service. Personal service of a writ or notice is made by delivering it to the person named, in person, or handing him a copy and informing him of the nafure and terms of the original. Leaving a copy at his place of abode is not personui service, Moyer v. Cook, 12 Wis. 336.

— Salvage service. See Salvage.

— Secular service. Worldly employment or service, as contrasted with spiritual or ecclesiastical.

— Service by publication. Service of a summons or other process upon an absent or non-resident defendant by publishing the same as an advertisement in a designated newspaper, with such other efforts to give him acfual notice as the particular stafute may prescribe.

— Service of an heir. An old form of Scotch law, fixing the right and character of an heir to the estate of his ancestor. Bell.

— Service of process. The service of write, summonses, rules, etc., signifies the delivering to or leaving them with the arty to whom or with whom they ought to e delivered or left; and, when they are so delivered, they are then said to have been served. Usually a copy only is served and the original is shown. Brown.

— Special service. In Scotch law. That form of service by which the heir is served to the ancestor who was feudally vested in the lands. Bell.

— Substituted service. This term generally denotes any form of service of process other than personal service, such as service by mail or by publication in a newspaper; but it is sometimes employed to denote service of a writ or notice on some person other than the one directly concerned, for example, his attorney of record, Who has authority to represent him or to accept service for him.

See Consideration, 3; Deposit, 1; Subscribe, 2.

The duty (whether of rents or services) which a tenant owed the lord for his fee. Knight-service: v. Tenure. I, A bailiff, officer.

1. Is sometimes that description of duty, inferior and even menial, which a servant is bound and expected to render; thus slaves were, in the constitution, described as persons held to service; apprentices are bound to service; domestics are engaged for service in the household. 2. Service, and its plural, services, are used generally for any useful work, even for skilled or professional duty and exertion; as in the expressions, services of an attorney, or of a physician; contracts for personal service; skilled services. 3. Service is sometimes used to designate one of the kinds of public duty, or a branch of employment, under government; as in the expressions, service in the army or navy; the civil service; military or naval service; the public service. 4. In practice of courts, the word service includes various ways by which a paper may be communicated to the person to be affected by it, so as to render it operative. Various kinds are known, and the names and requisites to their sufficiency differ under various statutes; but the principal are: Personal service, which consists in delivering a copy of the process, summons, notice, order, or other paper to the individual himself sought to be charged with it, and leaving it with him. The paper is said to be served when a copy is delivand perhaps some in which the original must be delivered. Service by or upon attorney, which consists in delivering the copy to or leaving it at the office of the attorney of the party, in the manner prescribed by the statute or rule of court, and is more applicable to notices, orders, &c., in the course of a suit, than to summons or process. Service by publication, which is allowed in some cases to be made against non-residents, and is performed by publishing the paper to be served as an advertisement in newspapers designated in the order allowing the service, and mailing a copy of the paper to the last known address of the party; and this mode is allowable, by leave of statute, with respect to summons and process, though it is not equal to personal service as respects the effect of the judgment which can be founded upon it. Substituted service, which is some mode which, by local statute, may be employed instead of personal service, in some cases where that is impracticable, and service by publication is inappropriate. 5. In feudal law, service was a general term for whatever tenants were bound to render to their lord in recompense for the lands they held of him. This service in original feuds was only twofold: to follow or do suit to their lord, in his courts in time of peace, and in his armies or warlike retinue in times of war. There gradually arose, however, a gi-eat variety of these services, some being of a personal nature, others not; some of an honorable, others of a menial or servile, character. They are now mostly disused and obsolete. Service of an heir. By the former law of Scotland, before an heir could regularly acquire a right to the ancestor's estate, he ought to be served heir, which was a form proceeding upon a writ, and including the decision of a jury, fixing the right and character of the heir to the estate of the ancestor. (Bell; Wharton.) But by Stat..37 & 38 Vict. ch. 94, § 9, passed in 1874, it is enacted that the personal right shall vest in the heir, without service or other procedure. Service of the ship. In the rule that or sickness incurred in the service of the ship, the phrase " service of the ship " is not confined in meaning to acts done for the benefit of the ship, or in the actual performance of the seaman's duty. A seaman is entitled to he cured, at the expense of the ship, of any injury received by him in executing an improper order, or inflicted upon him by the wrongful violence of an officer of the ship, in the exercise of his authority to punish. Ringold v. Crocker, Abb. Adm. 344.