Trades-Unions

A combination by employers or employees to regulate the price of labor is, within limits, valid at common law; but, carried to violence in any phase, is illegal.' Statute 6 Geo. IV (1826), c. 129, placed such combinations, on the part of the employers chiefly, under a rigorous restraint, making criminal threats to force a workman to leave his employment." Under statutes 22 Vict. (1859), c. 34, 32 and 33 Vict. c. 61, and 34 and 35 Vict. c. 31, trades-unions are recognized as legal associations, with objects they may en- 1 Mc Lean v. Fleming, 96 U. S. 263 (1877), cases, Clifford, J. See also Manhattan Medicine Co. v. Wood, 4 Cliff. 478 (18T8), oases; Alexander Brothers v. Morse, 14 R. I. 153 (188*); Goodyear Case, 128 U. S. 604 (1688). = Celluloid Manuf. Co. v. Cellonite Manuf. Co. 32 F. B. 94 (18S7). 3 Kidd V. Johnson, 100 U. S. 620 (18T9), cases. * Hazard v. Caswell, 93 N. Y. 204-65 (1883), cases. 5 Morgan v. Rogers, 19 F. E. 597(1884), eases. See generally 12 F. B. 764-6, 717-19 (1882), cases; 18 Cent. Law J. 107-« (1884), cases; on assigning, Hoxie v. Cheney, 143 Mass. 692 (1887), cases. • Menendez v. Holt, 128 U. S. 524 (1888), cases. deavor to secure by pecuniary and other means pt supporting strikes, and the like, so long as they do not resort to open or secret violence, or to threats, intimidation, rattening, or the like.' See Boycotting; Com