U N.J.L

92. ' See 1 Steph. Hist. Cr. Law Eng. 194; 19 Am. Law Eev. 547-70 (1885), cases. 2 Wenzleri'. People, 58 N. Y. 530 (1874), Allen, J. " Oomtaionwealth v. Smith, 111 Mass. 408 (1873). • Webster's Diet. » Vidal V. Girard's Executors, 2 How. 197-98 (1844), and the course of administration and decision. Considerations of policy or expediency must, in general, be addressed to the legislature. Cases in which arguments drawn from public policy have influence are cases in which the course of legislation, and administration does not leave any doubt upon the question what the public policy is, and in which what would otherwise be obscure or of doubtful interpretation may be cleared and resolved by reference to what is already received and established.^ Anything more indistinct, undefined, and incapable of certainty or uniformity than "public policy" in the law determining the responsibility of common carriers, and restricting its limitation by special contract, can hardly be imagined. Of late years the principle has been invoked with increasing frequency; and, sometimes at least, seems to be made use of as authority for deciding in whatever way the court thinks would, on the whole, be most useful.' Void, as " against public policy," are all agreements to control the business operations of the government, the regular administration of justice, the appointments of public officers, or the ordinary course of legislation. The law looks at the general tendency of such agreements.' See further Legal, Illegality. The phrase "policy of law," in a statute providing that " no interest or policy of law shall exclude a party or person from being a witness," etc., does not include the " public policy " which prevents a husband or wife from proving non-access.' 2. A warrant for money in public funds.s The ticket or writing which evidences a lottery contract. See Lottery. 3. A contract of insurance or assurance, as expressed in writing. See, at length. Insurance. POLITIC* Referring to public government: as, in "body politic;" also, concerning a public corporation, g. v. See also Body, 2. Political. Pertaining to public policy or politics; relating to state in distinction from municipal af Eairs. Pertaining to policy or the administration of government.' Political' assessment. See Service, 3, Civil. Political corporation. See Corporation. Political law. Law treating of the science of governmeat; the jurisprudence of government. > License Tax Cases, 5 Wall. 469 (1866), Chase, C. J.; Soon Hing v. Crowley, 113 U. S. 710 (1885), Field, J. » 8 Pars. Contr, 249. » Providence Tool Co. v. Norris, 2 Wall. 55-^6 (1864). * Tioga County v. South Creek Township, 75 Pa. 437 (1874). 'F. police: L. L. politicum: Gk. poly'ptychon, a writing in many folds or leaves; a register. Political liberty. See Liberty, 1. Political offense. See Exteadition. Political office. May refer to an office not immediately connected with the administration of justice, or with the execution of the mandates of a superior, as, of the President or the head of a department. ' See Office, 1. Political rights. Such rights as may be exercised in the formation and administration of the government.^ Opposed to civil rights. See Right, 3 (a). Politics. The public polity or policy of a state or nation.

In its original meaning, comprehends everything that concerns the government of the country. 3 The President cannot be restrained by injunction from carrying into efi Eeot an act of Congress alleged to be 'unconstitutional, * See Govehnmekt; Libebtt, 1, Of the press; Policy, Public.